Basic aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence are studied in the framework of 3-dimensional gravity with torsion. After choosing a consistent holographic ansatz, we formulate an improved approach to the Noether--Ward identities for the boundary theory. The method is applied first to the topological Mielke--Baekler model, and then to the more interesting (parity-preserving) 3-dimensional gravity with propagating torsion. In both cases, we find the finite holographic energy-momentum and spin currents and obtain the associated (anomalous) Noether--Ward identities.
We derive the equations of cosmological evolution from an AdS Schwarzschild black hole via holographic renormalization with appropriate boundary conditions.
A large AdS Schwarzschild black hole can be approximated by an AdS planar black hole. However, the temperature of a planar black hole is not well defined due to the translational invariance of the horizon. We propose to fix this arbitrariness by imposing the entropy area law. Furthermore, using the AdS/CFT holography, we propose a relationship between the temperatures of an AdS planar and large AdS Schwarzschild black holes.
We take the first steps towards non-AdS holography in higher spin gravity. Namely, we propose a variational principle for generic 3-dimensional higher spin gravity that accommodates asymptotic backgrounds beyond AdS, like asymptotically Schrodinger, Lifshitz or warped AdS spacetimes. As examples we study in some detail the four sl(2) embeddings of spin-4 gravity and provide associated geometries, including an asymptotic Lifshitz black hole.
Recently, a codimension two holography called wedge holography is proposed as a generalization of AdS/CFT. It is conjectured that a gravitational theory in $d+1$ dimensional wedge spacetime is dual to a $d-1$ dimensional CFT on the corner of the wedge. In this paper, we give an exact construction of the gravitational solutions for wedge holography from the ones in AdS/CFT. By applying this construction, we prove the equivalence between wedge holography and AdS/CFT for vacuum Einstein gravity, by showing that the classical gravitational action and thus the CFT partition function in large N limi…
We review the relation between AdS spacetime in 1+2 dimensions and the BTZ black hole. Later we show that a ground state in AdS spacetime becomes a thermal state in the BTZ black hole. We show that this is true in the bulk and in the boundary of AdS spacetime. The existence of this thermal state is tantamount to say that the Unruh effect exists in AdS spacetime and becomes the Hawking effect for an eternal BTZ black hole. In order to make this we use the correspondence introduced in Algebraic Holography between algebras of quasi-local observables associated to wedges and doble cones regions in…
We analyse holographic field theory dual to Lovelock Chern-Simons AdS Gravity in higher dimensions using first order formalism. We first find asymptotic symmetries in the AdS sector showing that they consist of local translations, local Lorentz rotations, dilatations and non-Abelian gauge transformations. Then, we compute $1$-point functions of energy-momentum and spin currents in a dual conformal field theory and write Ward identities. We find that the holographic theory possesses Weyl anomaly and also breaks non-Abelian gauge symmetry at the quantum level.
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we study the holographic principle and the CFT/FRW relations in the near-horizon AdS(5)xS(5) geometry with a probe D3-brane playing the role of the boundary to this space. The motion of the probe D3-brane in the bulk, induces a cosmological evolution on the brane. As the brane crosses the horizon of the bulk black hole, it probes the holography of the dual CFT. We test the holographic principle and we find corrections to CFT/FRW relations in various physical cases: for radially moving, spinning and electrically charged D3-brane and for a NS/NS B-field in the bu…
Using holography, we study the collision of planar shock waves in strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This requires the numerical solution of a dual gravitational initial value problem in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime.
We study two-dimensional Einstein-aether (or equivalently Hořava-Lifshitz) gravity, which has an $AdS_2$ solution. We examine various properties of this solution in the context of holography. We first show that the asymptotic symmetry group is the full set of time reparametrizations, the one-dimensional conformal group. At the same time there are configurations with finite energy and temperature, which indicate a violation of the Ward identity associated with one-dimensional conformal invariance. These solutions are characterized by a universal causal horizon and we show that the associated en…
A new formalism for thermodynamics of AdS black holes called the {\em restricted phase space thermodynamics} (RPST) is proposed. The construction is based on top of Visser's holographic thermodynamics, but with the AdS radius fixed as a constant. Thus the RPST is free of the $(P,V)$ variables but inherits the central charge and chemical potential as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables. In this formalism, the Euler relation and the Gibbs-Duhem equation hold simultaneously with the first law of black hole thermodynamics, which guarantee the appropriate homogeneous behaviors for the b…
We present the general algorithm to establish the classical and quantum asymptotic symmetry algebra for non-AdS higher spin gravity and implement it for the specific example of spin-3 gravity in the non-principal embedding with Lobachevsky (H^2xR) boundary conditions. The asymptotic symmetry algebra for this example consists of a quantum W_3^2 (Polyakov-Bershadsky) and an affine u(1) algebra. We show that unitary representations of the quantum W_3^2 algebra exist only for two values of its central charge, the trivial c=0 "theory" and the simple c=1 theory.
These are lecture notes based on a series of lectures presented at the XIII Modave Summer School in Mathematical physics aimed at PhD students and young postdocs. The goal is to give an introduction to some of the recent developments in understanding holography in two bulk dimensions, and its connection to microscopics of near extremal black holes. The first part reviews the motivation to study, and the problems (and their interpretations) with holography for AdS$_2$ spaces. The second part is about the Jackiw-Teitelboim theory and nearly-AdS$_2$ spaces. The third part introduces the Sachdev-Y…
In order to better understand how AdS holography works for sub-regions, we formulate a holographic version of the Reeh-Schlieder theorem for the simple case of an AdS Klein-Gordon field. This theorem asserts that the set of states constructed by acting on a suitable vacuum state with boundary observables contained within any subset of the boundary is dense in the Hilbert space of the bulk theory. To prove this theorem we need two ingredients which are themselves of interest. First, we prove a purely bulk version of Reeh-Schlieder theorem for an AdS Klein-Gordon field. This theorem relies on th…
Inspired by the general relation between the boundary global symmetry and the bulk gauge symmetry in AdS/CFT, we reformulate the $d+1$ dimensional AdS gravity theory as a $SO(2,d)$ gauge theory. In this formalism, the pull back of the bulk equation of motion onto a co-dimension one hypersurface $Σ$ can be naturally related to the $SO(2,d)$ conservation law under a local energy scale in the dual CFT. The consistency of CFT requires that the $SO(2,d)$ covariant anomaly vanishes at arbitrary scale. After imposing a covariant area law as the renormalization condition, the vanishing of $SO(2,d)$ an…
The microscopic description of AdS space obeys the holographic principle in the sense that the number of microscopic degrees of freedom is given by the area of the holographic boundary. We assume the same applies to the microscopic holographic theories for non-AdS spacetimes, specifically for Minkowski, de Sitter, and AdS below its curvature radius. By taking general lessons from AdS/CFT we derive the cut-off energy of the holographic theories for these non-AdS geometries. Contrary to AdS/CFT, the excitation energy decreases towards the IR in the bulk, which is related to the negative specific…
This paper explores construction of gauge (diffeomorphism)-invariant observables in anti de Sitter (AdS) space and the related question of how to find a "holographic map" providing a quantum equivalence to a boundary theory. Observables are constructed perturbatively to leading order in the gravitational coupling by gravitationally dressing local field theory operators in order to solve the gravitational constraints. Many such dressings are allowed and two are explicitly examined, corresponding to a gravitational line and to a Coulomb field; these also reveal an apparent role for more general …
Holography can provide a microscopic interpretation of a gravitational solution as corresponding to a particular CFT state: the asymptotic expansion in gravity encodes the expectation values of operators in the dual CFT state. Such a correspondence is particularly valuable in black hole physics. We study supersymmetric D1-D5-P black holes, for which recently constructed microstate solutions known as "superstrata" provide strong motivation to derive the explicit D1-D5 holographic dictionary for CFT operators of total dimension two. In this work we derive the explicit map between one-point funct…
We propose a new non-holographic formulation of AdS/CFT correspondence, according to which quantum gravity on AdS and its dual non-gravitational field theory both live in the same number D of dimensions. The field theory, however, appears (D-1)-dimensional because the interactions do not propagate in one of the dimensions. The D-dimensional action for the field theory can be identified with the sum over (D-1)-dimensional actions with all possible values $Λ$ of the UV cutoff, so that the extra hidden dimension can be identified with $Λ$. Since there are no interactions in the extra dimension, m…
Coleman-de Luccia processes for AdS to AdS decays in Einstein-scalar theories are studied. Such tunnelling processes are interpreted as vev-driven holographic RG flows of a quantum field theory on de Sitter space-time. These flows do not exist for generic scalar potentials, which is the holographic formulation of the fact that gravity can act to stabilise false AdS vacua. The existence of Coleman-de Luccia tunnelling solutions in a potential with a false AdS vacuum is found to be tied to the existence of exotic RG flows in the same potential. Such flows are solutions where the flow skips possi…
It is generally believed that the eternal AdS black hole is dual to two conformal field theories with compact spatial sections that are together in a thermofield double state. We argue that this proposal is incorrect, and by extension so are the "entanglement=geometry" proposal of Van Raamsdonk and "ER=EPR" proposal of Maldacena and Susskind. We show that in the bulk there is an interaction needed between the two halves of the Hilbert space for connectivity across the horizon; however, there is no such interaction between the CFTs. This rules out the possibility of the dual to the CFTs being t…
It is argued that the role of infinite dimensional asymptotic symmetry groups in gravity theories are essential for a holographic description of gravity and possibly to a resolution of the black hole information paradox. I present a simple toy model in two dimensional hyperbolic/ anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and describe, by very elementary considerations, how the asymptotic symmetry group is responsible for the entropy area law. Similar results apply also in three dimensional AdS space. The failure of the approach in higher dimensional AdS spaces is explained and resolved by considering other a…
We study the general parity-preserving model of three-dimensional gravity with propagating torsion, with a focus on its nonlinear dynamics in the AdS sector. The model is shown to posses the black hole with torsion as a vacuum solution, provided we adopt certain restrictions on its coupling constants. The canonical analysis in the AdS asymptotic region yields the conserved charges of the black hole and the central charges of the asymptotic conformal symmetry.
We show that the Abelian Higgs field equations in the four dimensional anti de Sitter spacetime have a vortex line solution. This solution, which has cylindrical symmetry in AdS$_4$, is a generalization of the flat spacetime Nielsen-Olesen string. We show that the vortex induces a deficit angle in the AdS$_4$ spacetime that is proportional to its mass density. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we show that the mass density of the string is uniform and dual to the discontinuity of a logarithmic derivative of correlation function of the boundary scalar operator.
We propose a novel codimension-n holography, called cone holography, between a gravitational theory in $(d+1)$-dimensional conical spacetime and a CFT on the $(d+1-n)$-dimensional defects. Similar to wedge holography, the cone holography can be obtained by taking the zero-volume limit of holographic defect CFT. Remarkably, it can be regarded as a holographic dual of the edge modes on the defects. For one class of solutions, we prove that the cone holography is equivalent to AdS/CFT, by showing that the classical gravitational action and thus the CFT partition function in large N limit are the …
Lovelock theory is the natural extension of general relativity to higher dimensions. It can be also thought of as a toy model for ghost-free higher curvature gravity. It admits a family of AdS vacua, most (but not all) of them supporting black holes that display interesting features. This provides an appealing arena to explore different holographic aspects in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence.
The canonical approach to black hole entropy in Poincaré gauge theory without matter is extended to include Maxwell field as a matter source. The new formalism is used to calculate asymptotic charges and entropy of Kerr--Newmann--AdS black holes with torsion. The result implies that the first law, with a nontrivial contribution of the Maxwell field, takes the same form as in general relativity.
We consider the holographic prescription problem in a (Lorentzian) AdS background, deriving from first principles the explicit formulas that relate the field at infinity with the field in the bulk. In contrast with the previous studies of the "real-time" holography problem, our derivation uses purely classical arguments that involve causality, as in the usual treatment of the holographic prescription problem in Wick-rotated spaces of Euclidean signature. We show that there is a unique propagator that preserves causality and see that this provides a simple picture of the relationship between th…
In a holographic braneworld universe a cosmological fluid occupies a 3+1 dimensional brane located at the boundary of the asymptotic AdS$_5$ bulk. The AdS/CFT correspondence and the second Randall-Sundrum model are combined to establish a relationship between the RSII braneworld cosmology and the boundary metric induced by the time dependent bulk geometry. Some physically interesting scenarios are discussed in the framework of the Friedmann Robertson Walker cosmology involving the RSII and holographic braneworlds.
We consider the linear stability of $4$-dimensional hairy black holes with mixed boundary conditions in Anti-de Sitter spacetime. We focus on the mass of scalar fields around the maximally supersymmetric vacuum of the gauged $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity in four dimensions, $m^{2}=-2l^{-2}$. It is shown that the Schrödinger operator on the half-line, governing the $S^{2}$, $H^{2}$ or $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ invariant mode around the hairy black hole, allows for non-trivial self-adjoint extensions and each of them correspons to a class of mixed boundary conditions in the gravitational theory. Discardin…
Recently proposed double trace deformations of large $N$ holographic CFTs in four dimensions define a one parameter family of quantum field theories, which are interpreted in the bulk dual as living on successive finite radius hypersurfaces. The transformation of variables that turns the equation defining the deformation of a four dimensional large $N$ CFT by such operators into the expression for the radial ADM Hamiltonian in the bulk is found. This prescription clarifies the role of various functions of background fields that appear in the flow equation defining the deformed holographic CFT,…
We study generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity with a Maxwell field and prove its triviality for constant dilaton boundary conditions, despite of the appearance of a Virasoro algebra with non-zero central charge. We do this by calculating the canonical boundary charges, which turn out to be trivial, and by calculating the quantum gravity partition function, which turns out to be unity. We show that none of the following modifications changes our conclusions: looser boundary conditions, non-linear interactions of the Maxwell field with the dilaton, inclusion of higher spin fields, inclusion o…
I compare two holographic mechanisms giving to the graviton a parametrically-small supersymmetric mass $m_g$ in Anti-de Sitter spacetime. In the context of bi-metric gravity these mechanisms couple `weakly' two initially decoupled superconformal theories by: (i) turning on a double-trace deformation, or (ii) gauging a common global symmetry. Superconformal invariance restricts the number of Poincaré supercharges to $N_Q\leq 4$ for mechanism (i) and to $N_Q\leq 8$ for mechanism (ii), and the AdS dimension to $D\leq 5$. The putative effective supergravities are expected to break down in the $m_g…
We investigate a new approach to holography in asymptotically AdS spacetimes, in which time rather than space is the emergent dimension. By making a sufficiently large T^2-deformation of a Euclidean CFT, we define a holographic theory that lives on Cauchy slices of the Lorentzian bulk. (More generally, for an arbitrary Hamiltonian constraint equation that closes, we show how to obtain it by an irrelevant deformation from a CFT with suitable anomalies.) The partition function of this theory defines a natural map between the bulk canonical quantum gravity theory Hilbert space, and the Hilbert sp…
A Geodesic Route toward Holography beyond AdS: Tessellating the Schwarzschild Black Hole
School of Physics and Shing-Tung Yau Center, Southeast University（东南大学物理学院与邵逸夫数学中心）；College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University（浙江大学计算机科学与技术学院）
The formation of marginally trapped surfaces in the off-center collision of two shock waves on AdS_D (with D=4,5,6,7 and 8) is studied numerically. We focus on the case when the two waves collide with nonvanishing impact parameter while the sources are located at the same value of the holographic coordinate. In all cases a critical value of the impact parameter is found above which no trapped surface is formed. The numerical results show the existence of a simple scaling relation between the critical impact parameter and the energy of the colliding waves. Using the isometries of AdS_D we relat…
We study the holographic dual of asymmetrically warped space-times, which are asymptotically AdS. The self-tuning of the cosmological constant is reinterpreted as a cancellation of the visible sector stress-energy tensor by the contribution of a hidden CFT, charged under a spontaneously broken global symmetry. The apparent violation of 4D causality due to bulk geodesics is justified by considering that the CFT feels the background metric as smeared out over a length of the order of the AdS radius.
We propose a new duality relation between codimension two space-like surfaces in gravitational theories and quantum states in dual Hilbert spaces. This surface/state correspondence largely generalizes the idea of holography such that we do not need to rely on any existence of boundaries in gravitational spacetimes. The present idea is motivated by the recent interpretation of AdS/CFT in terms of the tensor networks so called MERA. Moreover, we study this correspondence from the viewpoint of entanglement entropy and information metric. The Cramer-Rao bound in quantum estimation theory implies t…
We study codimension-even conical defects that contain a deficit solid angle around each point along the defect. We show that they lead to a delta function contribution to the Lovelock scalar and we compute the contribution by two methods. We then show that these codimension-even defects appear as Euclidean brane solutions in higher dimensional topological AdS gravity which is Lovelock-Chern-Simons gravity without torsion. The theory possesses a holographic Weyl anomaly that is purely of type-A and proportional to the Lovelock scalar. Using the formula for the defect contribution, we prove a h…
We suggest that the principle of holographic duality can be extended beyond conformal invariance and AdS isometry. Such an extension is based on a special relation between functional determinants of the operators acting in the bulk and on its boundary, provided that the boundary operator represents the inverse propagators of the theory induced on the boundary by the Dirichlet boundary value problem from the bulk spacetime. This relation holds for operators of general spin-tensor structure on generic manifolds with boundaries irrespective of their background geometry and conformal invariance, a…
I'll describe a general geometric setup allowing for a generalization of Rehren duality to asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes whose classical matter distribution is sufficiently well-behaved as to prevent the occurence of singularities in the sense of null geodesic incompleteness. I'll also comment on the issues involved in the reconstruction of an additive and locally covariant bulk net of observables from a corresponding boundary net in this more general situation.
