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arXiv 1301.0841astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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解决星系合并中星暴风的产生

Resolving The Generation of Starburst Winds in Galaxy Mergers

Philip F. Hopkins, Dusan Keres, Norman Murray, Lars Hernquist, Desika Narayanan, Christopher C. Hayward

摘要:

我们研究星系超级风驱动的主要合并,使用PC分辨率模拟与详细的模型,恒星反馈,可以自我一致地遵循GMCs的形成/破坏和风的产生。这些模型包括分子冷却、GMC中高密度恒星的形成、SNe(I&II)的气体再循环和反馈、恒星风和辐射压。我们研究了从类SMC矮星和银河系类似物到z~2星爆盘的系统合并。在所有通道中产生多相超级风,流出率高达~1000 M_sun/yr。然而,风的质量负载效率(流出率除以SFR)与每次合并的孤立星系类似:它更多地取决于整体星系的属性(质量,大小,逃逸速度)而不是合并的动力学状态。风往往是双极或单极,但多个“事件”建立了复杂的形态与重叠,不同方向的气泡/壳在一定范围的半径。风具有复杂的速度和相位结构,材料的速度范围高达~1000 km/s,以及分子,电离和热气的混合物,取决于星系的性质和不同的反馈机制。这些模拟解决了一些“子网格”模型中的问题,其中简单的风处方可以显着抑制合并引起的星爆。但是,尽管在风中有大的质量载荷因子(>~10),峰值SFR与“无风”模拟中的峰值SFR相当。风的加速作用并不相等,因此冷的致密气体仍然可以失去角动量并形成恒星,同时吹出最初不会参与恒星暴增的气体。相当多的风物质并没有被束缚,并在合并后的晚些时候回落到盘上,导致在恒星反馈存在的情况下,星暴后的SFR更高。这可能需要AGN反馈来解释星系淬火。

英文摘要:

We study galaxy super-winds driven in major mergers, using pc-resolution simulations with detailed models for stellar feedback that can self-consistently follow the formation/destruction of GMCs and generation of winds. The models include molecular cooling, star formation at high densities in GMCs, and gas recycling and feedback from SNe (I&II), stellar winds, and radiation pressure. We study mergers of systems from SMC-like dwarfs and Milky Way analogues to z~2 starburst disks. Multi-phase super-winds are generated in all passages, with outflow rates up to ~1000 M_sun/yr. However, the wind mass-loading efficiency (outflow rate divided by SFR) is similar to that in isolated galaxy counterparts of each merger: it depends more on global galaxy properties (mass, size, escape velocity) than on the dynamical state of the merger. Winds tend to be bi- or uni-polar, but multiple 'events' build up complex morphologies with overlapping, differently-oriented bubbles/shells at a range of radii. The winds have complex velocity and phase structure, with material at a range of speeds up to ~1000 km/s, and a mix of molecular, ionized, and hot gas that depends on galaxy properties and different feedback mechanisms. These simulations resolve a problem in some 'sub-grid' models, where simple wind prescriptions can dramatically suppress merger-induced starbursts. But despite large mass-loading factors (>~10) in the winds, the peak SFRs are comparable to those in 'no wind' simulations. Wind acceleration does not act equally, so cold dense gas can still lose angular momentum and form stars, while blowing out gas that would not have participated in the starburst in the first place. Considerable wind material is not unbound, and falls back on the disk at later times post-merger, leading to higher post-starburst SFRs in the presence of stellar feedback. This may require AGN feedback to explain galaxy quenching.

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