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arXiv 1211.3286physics.comp-phgr-qc
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相对论流体力学的格子玻尔兹曼方法:粒子数守恒定律和间断问题

Lattice Boltzmann method for relativistic hydrodynamics: Issues on conservation law of particle number and discontinuities

Q. Li, K. H. Luo, X. J. Li

摘要:

在本文中,我们的目的是解决最近发展的格子玻尔兹曼(LB)模型的相对论流体力学[M。Mendoza等人,物理修订信函105,014502(2010); Phys.Rev.D82,105008(2010)]。首先,我们研究了相对论LB模型中粒子数的守恒定律。通过Chapman-Enskog分析表明,在相对论LB模型中,粒子数守恒方程是对流扩散方程而不是连续性方程,这使得粒子数的演化依赖于弛豫时间.此外,我们还研究了高粘度相对论问题中出现的不连续性的来源,这在最近的研究中有报道[D。Hupp等人,D 84,125015(2011)]。提出了一个多重弛豫时间(MRT)的相对论LB模型来研究不同弛豫时间对不连续性的影响。数值实验表明,通过将弛豫时间$τ_e$(与体积粘度相关)设置为充分小于弛豫时间$τ_v$(与剪切粘度相关),可以消除不连续性。同时,发现弛豫时间$τ_\varepsilon$对相对论LB模型的数值精度有影响,但对Navier-Stokes水平上的守恒方程没有影响.此外,还考察了相对论性LB模型模拟中等相对论性问题的精度。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we aim to address several important issues about the recently developed lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for relativistic hydrodynamics [M. Mendoza et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 014502 (2010); Phys. Rev. D 82, 105008 (2010)]. First, we study the conservation law of particle number in the relativistic LB model. Through the Chapman-Enskog analysis, it is shown that in the relativistic LB model the conservation equation of particle number is a convection-diffusion equation rather than a continuity equation, which makes the evolution of particle number dependent on the relaxation time. Furthermore, we investigate the origin of the discontinuities appeared in the relativistic problems with high viscosities, which were reported in a recent study [D. Hupp et al., Phys. Rev. D 84, 125015 (2011)]. A multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) relativistic LB model is presented to examine the influences of different relaxation times on the discontinuities. Numerical experiments show the discontinuities can be eliminated by setting the relaxation time $τ_e$ (related to the bulk viscosity) to be sufficiently smaller than the relaxation time $τ_v$ (related to the shear viscosity). Meanwhile, it is found that the relaxation time $τ_\varepsilon$, which has no effect on the conservation equations at the Navier-Stokes level, will affect the numerical accuracy of the relativistic LB model. Moreover, the accuracy of the relativistic LB model for simulating moderately relativistic problems is also investigated.

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