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arXiv 1210.7815astro-ph.CO
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矮早型星系的起源

The Origin of Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies

Elisa Toloba

摘要:

在桥上我们对室女星系团和低密度区域的矮早型星系进行了分光光度研究。我们发现,这些星系表现出许多共同的晚型星系,但不与更大质量的早期类型(E/S 0)的属性。室女座中dE的性质显示了集群内的梯度。在室女星系团外围的dE是由旋转运动支撑的,而在中心的dE则是由其恒星的随机运动支撑的(即压力支撑)。旋转支撑的dEs具有盘状等照度线和微弱的底层螺旋/不规则子结构,它们也显示出比压力支撑的dEs更年轻的年龄,压力支撑的dEs具有盒状等照度线,并且是光滑和规则的,没有任何子结构。我们比较这些dEs的位置与大质量的早型星系的Faber-Jackson和基本平面的关系,我们发现,虽然有旋转和压力支持的dEs的位置之间没有区别,都偏离了关系的大质量的早型星系的方向矮球状系统(dSphs)。我们利用它们相对于E/S 0星系基本平面的偏移量来估计它们的暗物质分数。在这项工作中研究的所有属性都同意冲压压力剥离的情况下,晚型星系落入星系团,它们与星系际介质的相互作用吹走了它们的气体,因此,它们在很短的时间内被淬灭。然而,那些在星团中心的dE似乎已经完全转化,没有留下任何可能的螺旋起源的痕迹,因此,如果是这样的话,它们必须经历一个更猛烈的机制与冲压压力剥离相结合。

英文摘要:

Abridge. We have conducted a spectrophotometric study of dwarf early-type galaxies (dEs) in the Virgo cluster and in regions of lower density. We have found that these galaxies show many properties in common with late-type galaxies but not with more massive early-types (E/S0). The properties of the dEs in Virgo show gradients within the cluster. dEs in the outer parts of the Virgo cluster are kinematically supported by rotation, while those in the center are supported by the random motions of their stars (i.e. pressure supported). The rotationally supported dEs have disky isophotes and faint underlying spiral/irregular substructures, they also show younger ages than those pressure supported, which have boxy isophotes and are smooth and regular, without any substructure. We compare the position of these dEs with massive early-type galaxies in the Faber-Jackson and Fundamental Plane relations, and we find that, although there is no difference between the position of rotationally and pressure supported dEs, both deviate from the relations of massive early-type galaxies in the direction of dwarf spheroidal systems (dSphs). We have used their offset with respect to the Fundamental Plane of E/S0 galaxies to estimate their dark matter fraction. All the properties studied in this work agree with a ram pressure stripping scenario, where late-type galaxies infall into the cluster, their interaction with the intergalactic medium blows away their gas and, as a result, they are quenched in a small amount of time. However, those dEs in the center of the cluster seem to have been fully transformed leaving no trace of their possible spiral origin, thus, if that is the case, they must have experienced a more violent mechanism in combination with ram pressure stripping.

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