神经系统中基于髓鞘的天然电磁波导结构
Natural electromagnetic waveguide structures based on myelin sheath in the neural system
摘要：
有髓轴突上的动作电位的跳跃传播通常由朗维尔节点之间的局部电路离子电流流动的机制来解释。在这个框架下，髓鞘与多达100层的膜只作为绝缘壳。在有髓鞘的轴突上，动作电位的速度被测量为100 m/s，但在1 V/m电场中，离子在流体中的移动速度仅为100 nm/s。我们在这里展示的动作电位，在电磁（EM）脉冲的形式，可以在自然EM波导结构中传播的髓鞘合并在流体中形成的。传播时间主要消耗在朗维尔节点处触发电磁脉冲的持续时间上。结果清楚地揭示了轴突从无髓到有髓的进化过程，这通过增加髓鞘厚度显著提高了轴突的增殖效率。
英文摘要：
The saltatory propagation of action potentials on myelinated axons is conventionally explained by the mechanism employing local circuit ionic current flows between nodes of Ranvier. Under this framework, the myelin sheath with up to 100 layers of membrane only serves as the insulating shell. The speed of action potentials is measured to be as fast as 100 m/s on myelinated axons, but ions move in fluids at just 100 nm/s in a 1 V/m electric field. We show here the action potentials, in the form of electromagnetic (EM) pulses, can propagate in natural EM waveguide structures formed by the myelin sheath merged in fluids. The propagation time is mainly cost on the duration for triggering EM pulses at nodes of Ranvier. The result clearly reveals the evolution of axons from the unmyelinated to the myelinated, which has remarkably enhanced the propagation efficiency by increasing the thickness of myelin sheath.
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