配电网智能用户的价格弹性学习
Learning Price-Elasticity of Smart Consumers in Power Distribution Systems
摘要：
需求响应是一项新兴技术，它将改变未来的电网。它是革命性的，不仅因为它将实现调峰并增加管理大型配电系统的资源，而且主要是因为它将利用由配电网上的许多小型个人消费者组成的几乎未开发且极其强大的资源池。然而，为了有效地利用这些资源，使用这些资源的方法必须产生准确可靠的控制。为利用这些新资源，提出了各种方法。与直接负载控制相反，许多方法依赖于消费者和/或负载响应于源自公用事业或系统运营商的通常为能量定价形式的外源信号。在这里，我们提出了一个开环通信建兴的方法来估计的价格弹性的许多客户组成的分销系统。我们利用稀疏线性回归方法，依赖于运营商控制的，不均匀的微小价格变化，这将是公平的所有消费者。我们的数值实验表明，可靠的估计个人，从而聚集的瞬时弹性是可能的。我们描述了可靠的重建系统的三个关键参数的函数的限制：（i）的通信时隙（时间单位）的数量比每参与消费者的数量;（ii）稀疏水平（在消费者的响应）;和（iii）信号噪声比。
英文摘要：
Demand Response is an emerging technology which will transform the power grid of tomorrow. It is revolutionary, not only because it will enable peak load shaving and will add resources to manage large distribution systems, but mainly because it will tap into an almost unexplored and extremely powerful pool of resources comprised of many small individual consumers on distribution grids. However, to utilize these resources effectively, the methods used to engage these resources must yield accurate and reliable control. A diversity of methods have been proposed to engage these new resources. As opposed to direct load control, many methods rely on consumers and/or loads responding to exogenous signals, typically in the form of energy pricing, originating from the utility or system operator. Here, we propose an open loop communication-lite method for estimating the price elasticity of many customers comprising a distribution system. We utilize a sparse linear regression method that relies on operator-controlled, inhomogeneous minor price variations, which will be fair to all the consumers. Our numerical experiments show that reliable estimation of individual and thus aggregated instantaneous elasticities is possible. We describe the limits of the reliable reconstruction as functions of the three key parameters of the system: (i) ratio of the number of communication slots (time units) per number of engaged consumers; (ii) level of sparsity (in consumer response); and (iii) signal-to-noise ratio.
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