含杂质流体的结构
The structure of fluids with impurities
摘要：
从理论上研究了稀杂质对流体溶剂结构的影响。一般的参数，这不依赖于特定的模型，是用来推导出一个扩展的Ornstein-Zernike形式的溶剂结构因子在小的散射矢量。结果表明，稀释杂质可以影响溶剂的结构，只有当它们是由具有显着不同的尺寸的离子。非离子杂质或类似大小的离子显示不会定性改变溶剂结构。这幅图与现有的实验数据是一致的。预计衍生形式的溶剂结构因子是有用的，以推断信息的杂质-溶剂的相互作用形式测得的散射强度。
英文摘要：
The influence of dilute impurities on the structure of a fluid solvent is investigated theoretically. General arguments, which do not rely on particular models, are used to derive an extension of the Ornstein-Zernike form for the solvent structure factor at small scattering vectors. It is shown that dilute impurities can influence the solvent structure only if they are composed of ions with significantly different sizes. Non-ionic impurities or ions of similar size are shown to not alter the solvent structure qualitatively. This picture is compatible with available experimental data. The derived form of the solvent structure factor is expected to be useful to infer information on the impurity-solvent interactions form measured scattering intensities.
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