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arXiv 1209.3632quant-phmath-phmath.MPmath.PR
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随机力学的量子技术

Quantum Techniques for Stochastic Mechanics

John C. Baez, Jacob Biamonte

摘要:

一些来自量子理论的观点正开始渗透回经典概率论。例如,有一个广泛使用和成功的“化学反应网络”理论,它以随机而不是量子的方式描述分子的相互作用。计算机科学和种群生物学在不同的名称下使用相同的思想:“随机Petri网”。但是,如果我们从量子理论的角度来看这些理论,就会发现它们涉及到创造和湮灭算符、相干态和其他众所周知的思想--但是在概率取代振幅的背景下。我们将这种联系解释为量子力学和随机力学之间详细类比的一部分。我们用这个类比来证明化学反应网络理论中的两个主要结果:亏零定理和Anderson-Craciun-Kurtz定理。我们还研究了量子力学和随机力学的重叠,其中涉及到可以产生酉或随机时间演化的哈密顿量。这些哈密顿量被称为“狄利克雷形式”,它们自然产生于仅由电阻器组成的电路。

英文摘要:

Some ideas from quantum theory are just beginning to percolate back to classical probability theory. For example, there is a widely used and successful theory of "chemical reaction networks", which describes the interactions of molecules in a stochastic rather than quantum way. Computer science and population biology use the same ideas under a different name: "stochastic Petri nets". But if we look at these theories from the perspective of quantum theory, they turn out to involve creation and annihilation operators, coherent states and other well-known ideas - but in a context where probabilities replace amplitudes. We explain this connection as part of a detailed analogy between quantum mechanics and stochastic mechanics. We use this analogy to present new proofs of two major results in the theory of chemical reaction networks: the deficiency zero theorem and the Anderson-Craciun-Kurtz theorem. We also study the overlap of quantum mechanics and stochastic mechanics, which involves Hamiltonians that can generate either unitary or stochastic time evolution. These Hamiltonians are called "Dirichlet forms", and they arise naturally from electrical circuits made only of resistors.

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