量子力学严格Everett型解释中的激发态衰变
Excited-state decay in strictly Everett-like interpretations of quantum mechanics
摘要：
激发态衰减的框架内严格Everett样（SEL）的量子力学配方检查。尽管这些公式是为作为包括测量装置的较大系统的一部分的粒子系统开发的，但是分析是根据隔离粒子进行的，因为激发态衰变测量是在近似隔离的条件下进行的。它示出的时间演化的波函数描述每个粒子在一个样本中的隔离良好的相同的粒子在其最低的激发态必须满足相同的分支拓扑结构的所有严格SEL配方。该拓扑描述了样本中每个粒子以速率lambda_B发生的无数个随机分支事件序列。还需要另外两个参数：λ_A，由测量粒子寿命的观察者状态确定的激发态衰减率的期望值，以及λ_B，从与激发态相关联的观察者状态分支出来的观察者状态与分支事件之后的激发态相关联的概率。在SEL公式的框架内，似乎没有任何方法来确定λ的值。因此，与Everett的目标相反，SEL解释并没有提供对每个系统的完整描述。然而，可以证明lambda_A =（1-ε）λ_B，理论和实验寿命测定之间的一致性提供了0.1%的保守上限这个结果与Everett最初考虑的状态叠加的例子非常不同，在Everett最初考虑的状态叠加的例子中，每个最终状态的概率由传统的玻恩公式给出。规则，不需要新参数。
英文摘要：
Excited state decay is examined within the framework of strictly Everett-like (SEL) formulations of quantum mechanics. Even though these formulations were developed for systems of particles as part of a larger system that includes a measurement apparatus, the analysis is carried out in terms of isolated particles because excited state decay measurements are performed under conditions that approximate isolation. It is shown that the time evolution of the wave function describing each particle in a sample of well-isolated identical particles in their lowest excited state must satisfy the same branch topology for all strictly SEL formulations. This topology describes a countably infinite sequence of random branching events that occur at a rate lambda_B for each particle in the sample. Two more parameters are required: lambda_A, the expectation value of the excited-state decay rate determined by an observer state measuring the lifetime of the particles, and epsilon, the probability that an observer state that branches off an observer state associated with the excited state is associated with the excited state following the branching event. There does not appear to be any way to determine the value of epsilon within the framework of SEL formulations. Therefore, contrary to Everett's goal, SEL interpretations do not provide a complete description of every system. However, it is possible to show that lambda_A = (1-epsilon) lambda_B, which with the agreement between theoretical and experimental lifetime determinations provides a conservative upper limit of 0.1% for epsilon at the current state of the art. This result is very different from the example of a superposition of states originally considered by Everett wherein the probability of each final state is given by the conventional Born's rule and no new parameters are required.
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