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arXiv 1209.0413astro-ph.HE
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含时单区强子模型-第一性原理

The time-dependent one-zone hadronic model - First principles

S. Dimitrakoudis, A. Mastichiadis, R. J. Protheroe, A. Reimer

摘要:

我们提出了一个依赖于时间的方法的情况下,光子谱产生的超相对论质子与软光子,产生的质子和低磁场的单区强子模型。假设质子以一定的速率注入到一个含有磁场的均匀球形体积中,系统的演化可以用质子、电子、光子、中子和中微子的五个耦合动力学方程来描述。Photopair和离子相互作用的建模使用蒙特卡罗模拟的结果,特别是从SOPHIA代码为后者。能量损失和注入的耦合引入了我们的方法中的自洽性,并允许在各种条件下的过程的比较相关性的研究,质子亮度到辐射的转换效率,由此产生的中微子光谱,以及时间变化对质子注入的影响,以及其他主题。我们提出了一些典型的例子的时间行为的系统,并表明,这可以是非常不同的轻子模型所表现出的。此外,我们认为,相反的广泛持有的信念,有参数制度的强子模型可以变得相当有效。然而,为了使自由参数保持在最小值并便于系统的深入研究,我们只集中在注入质子的情况下;即,我们没有考虑共同加速轻子分量的影响。

英文摘要:

We present a time-dependent approach to the one-zone hadronic model in the case where the photon spectrum is produced by ultrarelativistic protons interacting with soft photons that are produced from protons and low magnetic fields. Assuming that protons are injected at a certain rate in a homogeneous spherical volume containing a magnetic field, the evolution of the system can be described by five coupled kinetic equations, for protons, electrons, photons, neutrons, and neutrinos. Photopair and photopion interactions are modelled using the results of Monte-Carlo simulations and, in particular from the SOPHIA code for the latter. The coupling of energy losses and injection introduces a self-consistency in our approach and allows the study of the comparative relevancy of processes at various conditions, the efficiency of the conversion of proton luminosity to radiation, the resulting neutrino spectra, and the effects of time variability on proton injection, among other topics. We present some characteristic examples of the temporal behaviour of the system and show that this can be very different from the one exhibited by leptonic models. Furthermore, we argue that, contrary to the wide-held belief, there are parameter regimes where the hadronic models can become quite efficient. However, to keep the free parameters at a minimum and facilitate an in-depth study of the system, we have only concentrated on the case where protons are injected; i.e., we did not consider the effects of a co-accelerated leptonic component.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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