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arXiv 1209.0294astro-ph.GA
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高空间和光谱分辨率的H2O谱线测绘--VLA1623外流的赫歇尔观测

H2O line mapping at high spatial and spectral resolution - Herschel observations of the VLA1623 outflow

P. Bjerkeli, R. Liseau, B. Larsson, G. Rydbeck, B. Nisini, M. Tafalla, S. Antoniucci, M. Benedettini, P. Bergman, S. Cabrit, T. Giannini, G. Melnick, D. Neufeld… 展开作者

P. Bjerkeli, R. Liseau, B. Larsson, G. Rydbeck, B. Nisini, M. Tafalla, S. Antoniucci, M. Benedettini, P. Bergman, S. Cabrit, T. Giannini, G. Melnick, D. Neufeld, G. Santangelo, E. F. van Dishoeck

摘要:

除了是一种重要的冷却剂外,H2O还被认为是高速分子气体的示踪剂。最近的模型预测星际冲击波后面相对较高的丰度。然而,H2O释放气体的动力学和物理条件尚未完全了解。我们的目标是确定H2O的丰度和分布,其运动学和物理条件的气体负责H2O排放。观察到的线轮廓形状帮助我们理解分子流出的动力学。我们映射的VLA 1623流出,在基态跃迁o-H2O,与HIFI和PACS仪器。我们还提出了更高的能量转换的o-H2O和p-H2O与HIFI和PACS获得朝向选定的流出位置的观察。通过与非LTE辐射转移计算的比较,我们估计了水发射区的物理参数。所观察到的水排放线分布在所绘制的区域上各不相同。光谱特征和成分,追踪不同激发条件下的气体,使我们能够限制气体的密度和温度。H2O排放起源于温度与热H2气体(T \gtrsim 200 K)相当的区域。因此,H2O排放物追踪的气体组分明显比导致低J CO排放物的气体更热。CO峰位置处的H2O柱密度较低,即N(H2O)\simeq(0.03-10)x10 e14 cm-2。在扩展的外流中,相对于H2的H2O丰度估计为X(H2O)<1x 10 e-6,明显低于最新激波模型的预期。与低J CO排放气体相比,H2O排放跟踪以相对高的速度移动的气体组分。然而,其他动力学量,如动量率,能量和机械光度估计是相同的,独立的分子示踪剂,CO或H2O。

英文摘要:

Apart from being an important coolant, H2O is known to be a tracer of high-velocity molecular gas. Recent models predict relatively high abundances behind interstellar shockwaves. The dynamical and physical conditions of the H2O emitting gas, however, are not fully understood yet. We aim to determine the abundance and distribution of H2O, its kinematics and the physical conditions of the gas responsible for the H2O emission. The observed line profile shapes help us understand the dynamics in molecular outflows. We mapped the VLA1623 outflow, in the ground-state transitions of o-H2O, with the HIFI and PACS instruments. We also present observations of higher energy transitions of o-H2O and p-H2O obtained with HIFI and PACS towards selected outflow positions. From comparison with non-LTE radiative transfer calculations, we estimate the physical parameters of the water emitting regions. The observed water emission line profiles vary over the mapped area. Spectral features and components, tracing gas in different excitation conditions, allow us to constrain the density and temperature of the gas. The H2O emission originates in a region where temperatures are comparable to that of the warm H2 gas (T\gtrsim200K). Thus, the H2O emission traces a gas component significantly warmer than the gas responsible for the low-J CO emission. The H2O column densities at the CO peak positions are low, i.e. N(H2O) \simeq (0.03-10)x10e14 cm-2. The H2O abundance with respect to H2 in the extended outflow is estimated at X(H2O)<1x10e-6, significantly lower than what would be expected from most recent shock models. The H2O emission traces a gas component moving at relatively high velocity compared to the low-J CO emitting gas. However, other dynamical quantities such as the momentum rate, energy and mechanical luminosity are estimated to be the same, independent of the molecular tracer used, CO or H2O.

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