无色无味（III部分）：模板上脉冲电沉积金属壳的结构
With no Color and Scent (part III): Architecture of metal shells grown on templates by pulse current electrodeposition
摘要：
提出了一种生长蘑菇状或贝壳状纳米结构金属凹凸模型的方法。在脉冲电沉积过程中，由于纳米线在多孔膜上的自组装生长，再现了银、铜、镍、铑和Pd-Ni、Pd-Co合金结构。结果表明，该方法不仅可以模拟壳的形状，但也在纳米，微米和mesolevels的层次结构。从Pd-Ni合金生长出1.2mm大小的壳。通过碎裂和化学蚀刻研究了模型的结构。使用SUPRA 50 VP和JEOL扫描电子显微镜获得图像。金属外壳是一个碗状框架，其壁由密集的纳米元素组成。每一个纳米元件都是一束锥形的纳米线，就像一个被支撑的酒杯。壳内表面是具有自下而上定向线的植被图案的纳米线编织物。内表面也表现出明显的横向环，由自下而上生长的纳米线束构成壳框架。许多纳米线束末端上升到壳外表面作为纳米花，其可以用作生长纳米线的模板。在某些情况下，生长在外表面上的纳米线形成了一个蘑菇状的复制品。提出了一个假设，脉冲生长的膜是一种工具的形态发生的许多蘑菇和植物。
英文摘要：
A method of growing mushroom or shell like nanostructured metal convex concave models has been worked out. Silver,copper,nickel,rhodium and Pd-Ni,Pd-Co alloy structures are reproduced as a result of self-assembly of nanowires growing on porous membranes in the course of pulse current electrodeposition. It is shown that the method allows to model not only the shell shape but also the hierarchical structure at the nano, micro and mesolevels. A 1,2 mm sized shell was grown from Pd-Ni alloy. The architecture of the models was studied by fragmentation and chemical etching. The images were obtained using SUPRA 50 VP and JEOL scanning electron microscopes. The metal shell is a bowl-shaped frame, its walls composed of densely packed nanoelements. Each nanoelement is a conical bundle of nanowires grown as a supported wine glass. The shell inner surface is a weave of nanowires with a vegetation pattern with bottom up directed lines. The inner surface exhibits also well pronounced transverse rings formed by the bottom up growing bundles of nanowires that compose the shell frame. A number of nanowire bundle ends rise to the shell outer surface as nanoflowers that can serve as templates for growing nanowires. In some cases the nanowires growing on the outer surface form a copy of plate mushroom. A hypothesis is proposed that pulsed growth on membranes is a tool of morphogenesis of many mushrooms and plants.
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