新的实验证据表明，质子渐近发展成一个黑盘
New experimental evidence that the proton develops asymptotically into a black disk
摘要：
最近，Auger小组从宇宙线质子（和原子核）在大气中相互作用产生的空气簇射的观测中提取了质子-空气横截面，并将其转换为总横截面和非弹性$pp$横截面$σ_{\rm tot}$和$σ_{\rm inel}$的测量结果。超级大型强子对撞机能量为57 TeV。他们的结果加强了我们先前的结论，即质子在渐近能量下变成了一个黑色的圆盘，这一预测是基于对$σ_{\rm tot}$和$ρ$的亚大型强子对撞机$\pbar p$和$pp$测量得出的，前向散射振幅的实部与虚部之比[M. M. Block和F. Halzen，Phys. Rev. Lett. { \bf 107}，212002（2011）]。同样的黑盘描述质子预期$σ_{\rm tot}$和$σ_{\rm inel}$的值由TOTEM实验在$\sqrt s=7$ TeV的cms（质心）能量下测量，以及由ALICE，ATLAS和CMS测量的$σ_{\rm inel}$的值，以及ALICE在2.76 TeV的测量。所有的数据都与一个质子是一个渐近的胶子黑盘相一致：（i）$σ_{\rm tot}$和$σ_{\rm inel}$都表现为$\ln^2s$，使Froissart束缚饱和，（ii）前向散射振幅变成纯虚的（iii）比率$σ_{\rm inel}/σ_{\rm tot}=0.509 \pm 0.021$，与黑盘值1/2相容，（iv）质子相互作用变成味盲。
英文摘要：
Recently, the Auger group has extracted the proton-air cross section from observations of air showers produced by cosmic ray protons (and nuclei) interacting in the atmosphere and converted it into measurements of the total and inelastic $pp$ cross sections $σ_{\rm tot}$ and $σ_{\rm inel}$ at the super-LHC energy of 57 TeV. Their results reinforce our earlier conclusions that the proton becomes a black disk at asymptotic energies, a prediction reached on the basis of sub-LHC $\pbar p$ and $pp$ measurements of $σ_{\rm tot}$ and $ρ$, the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the forward scattering amplitude [M. M. Block and F. Halzen, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 107}, 212002 (2011)]. The same black disk description of the proton anticipated the values of $σ_{\rm tot}$ and $σ_{\rm inel}$ measured by the TOTEM experiment at the LHC cms (center of mass) energy of $\sqrt s=7$ TeV, as well as those of $σ_{\rm inel}$ measured by ALICE, ATLAS and CMS, as well as the ALICE measurement at 2.76 TeV. All data are consistent with a proton that is asymptotically a black disk of gluons: (i) both $σ_{\rm tot}$ and $σ_{\rm inel}$ behave as $\ln^2s$, saturating the Froissart bound, (ii) the forward scattering amplitude becomes pure imaginary (iii) the ratio $σ_{\rm inel}/σ_{\rm tot}=0.509 \pm 0.021$, compatible with the black disk value of 1/2, and (iv) proton interactions become flavor blind.
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