高能质子-质子相互作用：灰盘模型和核-日冕模型
Proton-proton interactions at the Highest Energies: the Grey-Disk and the Core-Corona models
摘要：
在这封信中，灰盘和核心日冕模型结合在一个场景中，旨在解释在地球大气层中最高能量粒子的相互作用中观察到的不同的意外特征。特别地，假设超高能宇宙线谱主要由几个具有不同注入谱和最大能量截止的河外源产生的质子所支配，解释了观测到的$X_{\rm max}$和$N_μ$的分布。这种非正统的情况下，与其他相关的观察，如脚背区域的能谱，事件之间的相关性$X_{\rm max}$和检测到的信号在地面和没有检测到，到目前为止，UHE中微子或光子，也简要讨论。如果得到证实，这种情况将大大改变目前对UHECR主要成分的理解，从而改变其来源的特征。
英文摘要：
In this letter, the Grey-Disk and the Core-Corona models are combined in a scenario that aims to explain different unexpected features observed in the interactions of the highest energy particles in the Earth's atmosphere. In particular, the observed distributions of $X_{\rm max}$ and $N_μ$ are explained, assuming that the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray spectrum is dominated by protons produced by a few extra-galactic sources with different injection spectra and maximum energy cutoffs. The compliance of this heterodox scenario with other relevant observations as the instep region in the energy spectrum, the event-by-event correlations between $X_{\rm max}$ and the detected signal at the ground and the absence of detection, so far, of UHE neutrinos or photons, are also briefly discussed. If confirmed, such a scenario would dramatically change the present understanding of the UHECR primary composition and, thus, the characteristics of their sources.
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