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arXiv 1208.3445hep-thgr-qc
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奇点、防火墙和互补性

Singularities, Firewalls, and Complementarity

Leonard Susskind

摘要:

Almheiri、Marolf、Polchinski和Sully最近声称,一旦一个黑洞辐射出超过其初始熵(佩奇时间)一半的熵,视界就会被一个“防火墙”所取代,落入黑洞的观测者会在这个“防火墙”处燃烧起来,这显然违反了等效原理和黑洞互补性的假设。在本文中,我回顾了防火墙的论点,并给出了一个略有不同的解释。根据这种解释,视界具有标准性质,但奇点是非标准的。黑洞与霍金辐射的纠缠不断增长,导致奇点向视界迁移,并最终在页面时间与之相交。奇点与视界的碰撞导致了防火墙。互补性适用于地平线,而不是单一的防火墙。Almheiri,Marolf,Polchinski和Sully推测防火墙的形成比页面时间早得多;即在混乱时间。我认为,没有理由相信这种概括,有充分的理由认为它是错误的。在本文的大部分内容中,我将假设防火墙的论点是正确的。在结论之前的最后一节中,我将说明持保留意见的理由。

英文摘要:

Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully, recently claimed that once a black hole has radiated more than half its initial entropy (the Page time), the horizon is replaced by a "firewall" at which infalling observers burn up, in apparent violation of the equivalence principle and the postulates of black hole complementarity. In this paper I review the arguments for firewalls, and give a slightly different interpretation of them. According to this interpretation the horizon has standard properties, but the singularity is non-standard. The growing entanglement of the black hole with Hawking radiation causes the singularity to migrate toward the horizon, and eventually intersect it at the page time. The resulting collision of the singularity with the horizon leads to the firewall. Complementarity applies to the horizon and not to the singular firewall. Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully conjecture that firewalls form much earlier then the Page time; namely at the scrambling time. I argue that there is no reason to believe this generalization, and good reason to think it is wrong. For most of this paper I will assume that the firewall argument is correct. In the last section before the conclusion I will describe reasons for having reservations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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