We present an analytical study of fluctuations of the Vortex Line Density (VLD) $<δ\mathcal{L}(ω) δ\mathcal{L}(-ω)>$ in turbulent flows of quantum fluids. Two cases are considered. The first one is the counterflowing (Vinen) turbulence, where the vortex lines are disordered, and the evolution of quantity $\mathcal{L}(t)$ obeys the Vinen equation. The second case is the quasi-classic turbulence, where vortex lines are believed to form the so called vortex bundles, and their dynamics is described by the HVBK equations. The latter case, is of a special interest, since a number of recent experiments demonstrate the $ω^{-5/3}$ dependence for spectrum VLD, instead of $ω^{1/3}$ law, typical for spectrum of vorticity. In nonstationary situation, in particular, in the fluctuating turbulent flow there is a retardation between the instantaneous value of the normal velocity and the quantity $\mathcal{L}$. This retardation tends to decrease in the accordance with the inner dynamics, which has a relaxation character. In both cases the relaxation dynamics of VLD is related to fluctuations of the relative velocity, however if for the Vinen case the rate of temporal change for $\mathcal{L}(t)$ is directly depends on $δ\mathbf{v}_{ns}$, for the HVBK dynamics it depends on $\nabla \times δ\mathbf{v}_{ns}$. As a result, for the disordered case the spectrum $<δ\mathcal{L}(ω) δ\mathcal{L}(-ω)>$ coincides with the spectrum $ω^{-5/3} $. In the case of the bundle arrangement, the spectrum of the VLD varies (at different temperatures) from $ω^{1/3}$ to $ω^{-5/3}$ dependencies. This conclusion may serve as a basis for the experimental determination of what kind of the turbulence is implemented in different types of generation.
Reproduction of vortex lattices in the simulations of rotating liquid helium-4 by numerically solving the two-fluid model using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics incorporating vortex dynamics
