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arXiv 1208.2273astro-ph.EP
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巴纳德星的精密多普勒监测

Precise Doppler Monitoring of Barnard's Star

Jieun Choi, Chris McCarthy, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Andrew W. Howard, Debra A. Fischer, John A. Johnson, Howard Isaacson, Jason T. Wright

摘要:

我们提出了248个精确的多普勒测量巴纳德星(Gl 699),第二个最近的恒星系统到地球,从利克和凯克天文台在1987年和2012年之间的25年。早期的精度是20 \ms{},但在过去的8年里是2 \ms{},构成了对这个恒星邻居周围行星的多普勒特征的最广泛和最敏感的搜索。我们仔细分析了136凯克径向速度跨越8年,首先应用周期图分析搜索近圆形轨道。我们没有发现明显的周期性多普勒信号的振幅高于$\sim$ 2 \ms{},设置严格的上限的最小质量(\msini)的任何行星的轨道周期从0.1到1000天。使用圆形轨道的Monte Carlo分析,我们确定巴纳德星的行星同伴,质量超过2 \mearth{}和周期低于10天将被检测到。周期长达2年、质量超过10 \mearth{}(0.03 \mjup)的行星也被排除在外。考虑到偏心轨道,类似的分析得出了类似的质量极限。巴纳德星的宜居带似乎没有大约地球质量或更大的行星,除了面对面的轨道。范德坎普先前关于行星围绕恒星的说法被强烈驳斥。在$4.515\pm0.002$ \msy{},巴纳德星的径向速度随时间增加,与预测的几何效应,长期加速度,交换横向的径向分量的速度。

英文摘要:

We present 248 precise Doppler measurements of Barnard's Star (Gl 699), the second nearest star system to Earth, obtained from Lick and Keck Observatories during 25 years between 1987 and 2012. The early precision was 20 \ms{} but was 2 \ms{} during the last 8 years, constituting the most extensive and sensitive search for Doppler signatures of planets around this stellar neighbor. We carefully analyze the 136 Keck radial velocities spanning 8 years by first applying a periodogram analysis to search for nearly circular orbits. We find no significant periodic Doppler signals with amplitudes above $\sim$2 \ms{}, setting firm upper limits on the minimum mass (\msini) of any planets with orbital periods from 0.1 to 1000 days. Using a Monte Carlo analysis for circular orbits, we determine that planetary companions to Barnard's Star with masses above 2 \mearth{} and periods below 10 days would have been detected. Planets with periods up to 2 years and masses above 10 \mearth{} (0.03 \mjup) are also ruled out. A similar analysis allowing for eccentric orbits yields comparable mass limits. The habitable zone of Barnard's Star appears to be devoid of roughly Earth-mass planets or larger, save for face-on orbits. Previous claims of planets around the star by van de Kamp are strongly refuted. The radial velocity of Barnard's Star increases with time at $4.515\pm0.002$ \msy{}, consistent with the predicted geometrical effect, secular acceleration, that exchanges transverse for radial components of velocity.

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