恒星活动在一年的时间里表现出来，解释了Barnard b是一个假阳性
Stellar Activity Manifesting at a One Year Alias Explains Barnard b as a False Positive
摘要：
巴纳德星是研究最多的恒星之一，因为它靠近太阳。由于它的径向速度（RV）稳定性和赤道衰减，它通常被认为是完全对流星的$the$径向速度（RV）标准。最近，Ribas等人（2018）宣布了一颗轨道周期为233天的$M \sin i = 3.3 M_{\oplus}$超级地球候选行星。来自近红外线可移动带的行星射电望远镜（HPF）多普勒光谱仪的新观测没有显示出这种行星信号。我们对原始数据和组合的原始+ HPF数据集进行了一系列实验。这些实验包括模型比较、周期图分析和采样灵敏度，所有这些都表明在拟议的233天期间的信号本质上是短暂的。信号中的功率主要包含在1000天观测跨度内拍摄的211个RV中。我们更喜欢的系统模型是一个没有行星的恒星活动。我们建议候选行星信号是145天自转周期的别名。这一结果突出了在多年和多仪器观测活动中分析长期准周期活动信号的挑战。
英文摘要：
Barnard's star is among the most studied stars given its proximity to the Sun. It is often considered $the$ Radial Velocity (RV) standard for fully convective stars due to its RV stability and equatorial declination. Recently, an $M \sin i = 3.3 M_{\oplus}$ super-Earth planet candidate with a 233 day orbital period was announced by Ribas et al. (2018). New observations from the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) Doppler spectrometer do not show this planetary signal. We ran a suite of experiments on both the original data and a combined original + HPF data set. These experiments include model comparisons, periodogram analyses, and sampling sensitivity, all of which show the signal at the proposed period of 233 days is transitory in nature. The power in the signal is largely contained within 211 RVs that were taken within a 1000 day span of observing. Our preferred model of the system is one which features stellar activity without a planet. We propose that the candidate planetary signal is an alias of the 145 day rotation period. This result highlights the challenge of analyzing long-term, quasi-periodic activity signals over multi-year and multi-instrument observing campaigns.
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