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arXiv 1206.7069astro-ph.EP
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轨道演化对妊神星(2003 EL61)碰撞族的影响

The effect of orbital evolution on the Haumea (2003 EL61) collisional family

Kathryn Volk, Renu Malhotra

摘要:

妊神星族是目前柯伊伯带中唯一被确认的碰撞族。我们数值模拟的长期动态演化的家庭,估计家庭的年龄下限,并评估如何保存在Gyr时间尺度的家庭和其动态集群的人口。我们发现,该家族不小于1亿年,其年龄至少为1 Gyr,置信度为95%。我们发现,对于50-400米/秒的初始速度分散,大约20-45%的家庭成员失去了近距离接触海王星后3.5陀螺仪的轨道演变。我们将这些损失率应用到两个拟议的模型,形成的妊神星家庭,两个类似的大小,分化KBO或碰撞破坏的卫星轨道妊神星之间的放牧和合并型碰撞。对于擦合并碰撞模型,我们计算出,在碰撞后150米/秒内,幸存的家族成员的预期质量的85%以上已经确定,但在更大的速度下,已知家族成员质量的一到两倍仍有待确定。对于卫星解体模型,我们估计目前确定的家庭成员占家庭预期质量的50%。考虑到观测的不完整性,观测到的妊神星家族成员的数量在1 sigma水平上与任何一种形成情景都是一致的,但是两个模型都预测了比已经确定的更大相对速度(>150 m/s)的物体。

英文摘要:

The Haumea family is currently the only identified collisional family in the Kuiper belt. We numerically simulate the long-term dynamical evolution of the family to estimate a lower limit of the family's age and to assess how the population of the family and its dynamical clustering are preserved over Gyr timescales. We find that the family is not younger than 100 Myr, and its age is at least 1 Gyr with 95% confidence. We find that for initial velocity dispersions of 50-400 m/s, approximately 20-45% of the family members are lost to close encounters with Neptune after 3.5 Gyr of orbital evolution. We apply these loss rates to two proposed models for the formation of the Haumea family, a graze-and-merge type collision between two similarly sized, differentiated KBOs or the collisional disruption of a satellite orbiting Haumea. For the graze-and-merge collision model, we calculate that >85% of the expected mass in surviving family members within 150 m/s of the collision has been identified, but that one to two times the mass of the known family members remains to be identified at larger velocities. For the satellite-break-up model, we estimate that the currently identified family members account for ~50% of the expected mass of the family. Taking observational incompleteness into account, the observed number of Haumea family members is consistent with either formation scenario at the 1 sigma level, however both models predict more objects at larger relative velocities (>150 m/s) than have been identified.

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