arXiv 1206.65272012-06astro-ph.COgr-qc

没有暴胀的R_h = ct宇宙

The R_h=ct Universe Without Inflation

Fulvio Melia

备注：: 17 pages, 5 figures. arXiv Slight revisions in refereed version. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
发表信息：: A&A 553, id A76 (2013)
DOI：: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220447

摘要：

宇宙学标准模型（LDCM）中的视界问题源于观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射的均匀性，它在任何地方都具有相同的温度（除了微小的随机波动），即使是在天空相对两侧的区域，它们似乎位于彼此的因果视界之外。由于没有任何以光速或低于光速传播的物理过程能使它们达到热平衡，因此，宇宙在其婴儿期似乎需要极不可能的初始条件。在本文中，我们研究这个著名的问题，考虑光子传播通过弗里德曼-罗伯逊-沃克（FRW）时空在一个更基本的水平比以前已经尝试过，证明了视界问题只出现在一个子集的FRW宇宙学，如LCDM，其中包括一个早期阶段的快速减速。我们证明了视界问题对于最近引入的R_h = ct宇宙是不存在的，排除了包含暴胀的主要动机。我们通过直接计算证明，在R_h = ct宇宙中，即使是宇宙的相对两侧，从宇宙膨胀的最初时刻起，也一直与我们有着因果联系。因此，在R_h = ct宇宙的背景下，从t = 10 ^{-35}秒到10 ^{-32}秒的假设的暴胀时期不需要解决这个特殊的"问题"，尽管它仍然可以为宇宙学提供好处。

英文摘要：

The horizon problem in the standard model of cosmology (LDCM) arises from the observed uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which has the same temperature everywhere (except for tiny, stochastic fluctuations), even in regions on opposite sides of the sky, which appear to lie outside of each other's causal horizon. Since no physical process propagating at or below lightspeed could have brought them into thermal equilibrium, it appears that the universe in its infancy required highly improbable initial conditions. In this paper, we examine this well-known problem by considering photon propagation through a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime at a more fundamental level than has been attempted before, demonstrating that the horizon problem only emerges for a subset of FRW cosmologies, such as LCDM, that include an early phase of rapid deceleration. We show that the horizon problem is nonexistent for the recently introduced R_h=ct universe, obviating the principal motivation for the inclusion of inflation. We demonstrate through direct calculation that, in the R_h=ct universe, even opposite sides of the cosmos have remained causally connected to us - and to each other - from the very first moments in the universe's expansion. Therefore, within the context of the R_h=ct universe, the hypothesized inflationary epoch from t=10^{-35} seconds to 10^{-32} seconds was not needed to fix this particular "problem", though it may still provide benefits to cosmology for other reasons.

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