准局部守恒律：为什么我们需要它们
Quasilocal Conservation Laws: Why We Need Them
摘要：
我们认为，守恒定律的基础上的局部物质的应力-能量-动量张量（特征是每单位体积的能量和动量）不能充分解释各种各样的，甚至是非常简单的物理现象，因为它们不能正确地考虑引力效应。我们构造了一个一般的准局部守恒定律的基础上布朗和约克总（物质加重力）的应力-能量-动量张量（特征为能量和动量每单位面积），并认为它没有适当考虑引力效应。作为这种准定域方法解释力的一个简单例子，考虑一下，当我们向一个自由漂浮的大质量物体加速时，该物体的动能增加（相对于我们的坐标系）。但是，物体究竟是如何获得这种不断增加的动能的呢？利用我们的准定域守恒定律的能量形式，我们可以精确地看到动能增加的实际机制：这是由于一个真正的引力能通量，它与电磁坡印亭通量完全相似，并涉及到物体相对于我们的运动所引起的坐标系拖曳的广义相对论效应。
英文摘要：
We argue that conservation laws based on the local matter-only stress-energy-momentum tensor (characterized by energy and momentum per unit volume) cannot adequately explain a wide variety of even very simple physical phenomena because they fail to properly account for gravitational effects. We construct a general quasi}local conservation law based on the Brown and York total (matter plus gravity) stress-energy-momentum tensor (characterized by energy and momentum per unit area), and argue that it does properly account for gravitational effects. As a simple example of the explanatory power of this quasilocal approach, consider that, when we accelerate toward a freely-floating massive object, the kinetic energy of that object increases (relative to our frame). But how, exactly, does the object acquire this increasing kinetic energy? Using the energy form of our quasilocal conservation law, we can see precisely the actual mechanism by which the kinetic energy increases: It is due to a bona fide gravitational energy flux that is exactly analogous to the electromagnetic Poynting flux, and involves the general relativistic effect of frame dragging caused by the object's motion relative to us.
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