爱因斯坦的物理策略，能量守恒，对称性和稳定性：“但格罗斯曼和我认为守恒定律不满足”
Einstein's Physical Strategy, Energy Conservation, Symmetries, and Stability: "but Grossmann & I believed that the conservation laws were not satisfied"
摘要：
雷恩、绍尔、詹森等人最近对广义相对论历史的研究表明，爱因斯坦发现他的场方程部分是通过一种物理策略，包括牛顿极限、电磁类比和能量守恒。这些主题与后来粒子物理学家使用的主题相似。爱因斯坦的物理学策略与粒子物理学的推导相比如何？他使用了什么能量-动量复合体，为什么？爱因斯坦是否将守恒与对称性联系在一起？如果是，联系在哪一个？爱因斯坦使用了一个来自他假设的线性坐标协方差x '= Mx的恒等式，将其与正则张量联系起来。通常，他避免使用物质欧拉-拉格朗日方程，因此没有很好地定位使用或改造的Herglotz-米氏-玻恩的理解，规范张量是保守的，由于平移对称性，结果与根在拉格朗日，汉密尔顿和雅可比。虽然米氏和玻恩担心正则张量的不对称性，但爱因斯坦并不需要担心，因为他的恩特沃夫拉格朗日量与其说是基于麦克斯韦理论，不如说是基于标量理论。因此，它也有3个鬼，失败了20世纪20年代至30年代的先验粒子物理学稳定性测试与拉格朗日和狄利克雷的稳定性工作的前提。这个对恩特沃夫理论的批评可以与爱因斯坦在1915年对他的恩特沃夫理论的批评相比较，因为他的恩特沃夫理论不承认旋转坐标，也没有得到水星的近日点。粒子物理学在引力和时空的历史编纂中也很有用。这一主题可以成为科学史上对最近重新考虑的存在主义、辉格主义等问题的有用案例研究。
英文摘要：
Recent work on the history of General Relativity by Renn, Sauer, Janssen et al. shows that Einstein found his field equations partly by a physical strategy including the Newtonian limit, the electromagnetic analogy, and energy conservation. Such themes are similar to those later used by particle physicists. How do Einstein's physical strategy and the particle physics derivations compare? What energy-momentum complex(es) did he use and why? Did Einstein tie conservation to symmetries, and if so, to which? Einstein used an identity from his assumed linear coordinate covariance x'= Mx to relate it to the canonical tensor. Usually he avoided using matter Euler-Lagrange equations and so was not well positioned to use or reinvent the Herglotz-Mie-Born understanding that the canonical tensor was conserved due to translation symmetries, a result with roots in Lagrange, Hamilton and Jacobi. Whereas Mie and Born were concerned about the canonical tensor's asymmetry, Einstein did not need to worry because his Entwurf Lagrangian is modeled not so much on Maxwell's theory as on a scalar theory. As a result, it also has 3 ghosts, failing a 1920s-30s a priori particle physics stability test with antecedents in Lagrange's and Dirichlet's stability work. This critique of the Entwurf theory can be compared with Einstein's 1915 critique of his Entwurf theory for not admitting rotating coordinates and not getting Mercury's perihelion right. Particle physics also can be useful in the historiography of gravity and space-time. This topic can be a useful case study in the history of science on recently reconsidered questions of presentism, whiggism and the like.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
