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arXiv 1206.5852astro-ph.CO
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孤立暗物质晕密度分布的一个简单模型

A Simple Model for the Density Profiles of Isolated Dark Matter Halos

Eli Visbal, Abraham Loeb, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

我们探讨的可能性,在宇宙学模拟中发现的椭圆星系和冷暗物质(CDM)晕的密度分布可以理解在相同的物理过程,碰撞引力坍缩。为了研究这一点,我们研究了一个简化的模型,一个完全冷的Plummer球的崩溃。首先,我们研究了这个模型的N体模拟粒子约束到纯径向轨道。这导致最终状态的特征是在小半径处轮廓比ρ \propto r^{-2}略陡,而在大半径处表现为ρ \propto r^{-4},这可以用简单的分析论证来理解。接下来,我们重复我们的模拟没有径向轨道的限制。这导致内部密度分布较浅,就像椭圆星系和CDM晕中发现的那样。我们将这种变化归因于径向轨道不稳定性(ROI),并提出了一种形式的分布函数(DF)的物理图片崩溃的动机。作为我们的模型和CDM晕之间联系的证据,我们发现我们的坍缩模拟有一个赝相空间密度近似为ρ/σ^3 \propto r^{-1.875}的终态,就像在宇宙学模拟中观察到的CDM晕一样(Navarro et al. 2010)。速度各向异性的配置文件也是定性类似的中心附近发现这些晕。我们认为,在大半径(其中CDM晕标度为ρ \propto r^{-3})的差异是由于宇宙学背景的存在或持续下降。这使我们预测外CDM晕的密度分布并不是“普适的”,而是取决于宇宙学环境(无论是密度不足的空洞还是密度过高的区域)。

英文摘要:

We explore the possibility that the density profiles of elliptical galaxies and cold dark matter (CDM) halos found in cosmological simulations can be understood in terms of the same physical process, collisionless gravitational collapse. To investigate this, we study a simplified model, the collapse of a perfectly cold Plummer sphere. First, we examine an N-body simulation of this model with particles constrained to purely radial orbits. This results in a final state characterized by a profile slightly steeper than ρ\propto r^{-2} at small radii and behaving as ρ\propto r^{-4} at large radii, which can be understood in terms of simple analytic arguments. Next, we repeat our simulation without the restriction of radial orbits. This results in a shallower inner density profile, like those found in elliptical galaxies and CDM halos. We attribute this change to the radial orbit instability (ROI) and propose a form of the distribution function (DF) motivated by a physical picture of collapse. As evidence of the link between our model and CDM halos, we find that our collapse simulation has a final state with pseudo-phase-space density which scales roughly as ρ/σ^3 \propto r^{-1.875}, like that observed in CDM halos from cosmological simulations (Navarro et al. 2010). The velocity anisotropy profile is also qualitatively similar to that found near the centers of these halos. We argue that the discrepancy at large radii (where CDM halos scale as ρ\propto r^{-3}) is due to the presence of the cosmological background or continued infall. This leads us to predict that the outer CDM halo density profile is not "universal," but instead depends on cosmological environment (be it an underdense void or overdense region).

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