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arXiv 1206.5000astro-ph.CO
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CANDELS:z~2致密静止星系的祖先

CANDELS: The progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies at z~2

Guillermo Barro, S. M. Faber, Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez, David C. Koo, Christina C. Williams, Dale D. Kocevski, Jonathan R. Trump, Mark Mozena, Elizabeth McGrath,… 展开作者

Guillermo Barro, S. M. Faber, Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez, David C. Koo, Christina C. Williams, Dale D. Kocevski, Jonathan R. Trump, Mark Mozena, Elizabeth McGrath, Arjen van der Wel, Stijn Wuyts, Eric F. Bell, Darren J. Croton, Avishai Dekel, M. L. N. Ashby, Henry C. Ferguson, Adriano Fontana, Mauro Giavalisco, Norman A. Grogin, Yicheng Guo, Nimish P. Hathi, Philip F. Hopkins, Kuang-Han Huang, Anton M. Koekemoer, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Jeffrey A. Newman, Lauren A. Porter, Joel R. Primack, Russell E. Ryan, David Rosario, Rachel S. Somerville

摘要:

利用高分辨率HST/WFC 3图像和多波长测光技术,在宇宙组合近红外深河外遗留巡天(CANDELS)的两个观测场中,对红移z = 1.4 - 3的大质量(log(M*)> 10)星系的结构和活动演化进行了跟踪。我们探测到紧凑的恒星形成星系(cSFGs),其数量密度,质量,大小和恒星形成率使它们成为z = 1.5 - 3的紧凑,静止,大质量星系(cQGs)的可能祖先。在z > 2时,大多数cSFG的特定恒星形成速率(sSFR = 10^-9 yr^-1)是同时期典型大质量SFG的一半,而X射线发光活动星系核的形成速率要高出30倍(约30%)。这些性质表明,cSFG是由富含气体的过程(合并或盘不稳定性)形成的,这些过程诱导了致密的星爆并为活动星系核提供了能量,而活动星系核反过来又在动力学时间尺度上(几个10^8年)淬灭了恒星的形成。cSFG在z = 2 - 3处连续地形成,并且在z = 1.5处衰减到cQG。在这个时期之后,cSFG是罕见的,从而截断了新cQG的形成。与此同时,下至z = 1,现有的cQG继续扩大,以匹配本地QG的大小,而较少的气体丰富的合并和其他长期机制牧羊人(较大)SFG作为后来到达红色序列。总而言之,我们提出了QG形成的两种进化情景:快速猝灭的cSFG的早期(z > 2)、快速形成路径,这些cSFG进化为cQG,随后在静止期内扩大,以及SFG的缓慢、迟到(z < 2)路径形成QG而不经过紧凑状态。

英文摘要:

We combine high-resolution HST/WFC3 images with multi-wavelength photometry to track the evolution of structure and activity of massive (log(M*) > 10) galaxies at redshifts z = 1.4 - 3 in two fields of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We detect compact, star-forming galaxies (cSFGs) whose number densities, masses, sizes, and star formation rates qualify them as likely progenitors of compact, quiescent, massive galaxies (cQGs) at z = 1.5 - 3. At z > 2 most cSFGs have specific star-formation rates (sSFR = 10^-9 yr^-1) half that of typical, massive SFGs at the same epoch, and host X-ray luminous AGN 30 times (~30%) more frequently. These properties suggest that cSFGs are formed by gas-rich processes (mergers or disk-instabilities) that induce a compact starburst and feed an AGN, which, in turn, quench the star formation on dynamical timescales (few 10^8 yr). The cSFGs are continuously being formed at z = 2 - 3 and fade to cQGs by z = 1.5. After this epoch, cSFGs are rare, thereby truncating the formation of new cQGs. Meanwhile, down to z = 1, existing cQGs continue to enlarge to match local QGs in size, while less-gas-rich mergers and other secular mechanisms shepherd (larger) SFGs as later arrivals to the red sequence. In summary, we propose two evolutionary scenarios of QG formation: an early (z > 2), fast-formation path of rapidly-quenched cSFGs that evolve into cQGs that later enlarge within the quiescent phase, and a slow, late-arrival (z < 2) path for SFGs to form QGs without passing through a compact state.

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