arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1206.4091math.STstat.MEstat.TH
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推理模型:无先验后验概率推理的框架

Inferential models: A framework for prior-free posterior probabilistic inference

Ryan Martin, Chuanhai Liu

摘要:

没有先验信息的后验概率统计推断是一个重要但至今难以实现的目标。Fisher的信念推断、Dempster-Shafer信念函数理论和具有默认先验的贝叶斯推理都试图实现这一目标,但迄今为止,没有一个给出完全令人满意的画面。本文提出了一种新的概率推理框架,推理模型(IMs)的基础上,它不仅提供了数据相关的概率测量的未知参数的不确定性,但这样做的自动长期运行的频率校准属性。这种新方法的关键是识别与可观测数据和未知参数相关联的不可观测辅助变量,并在对数据进行调节之前用随机集预测该辅助变量。在这里,我们提出了一个三步IM建设,并证明了IM的信度函数在温和的条件下的频率校准属性。相应的最优性理论的发展,这有助于解决的非唯一性问题。几个例子来说明这种新的方法。

英文摘要:

Posterior probabilistic statistical inference without priors is an important but so far elusive goal. Fisher's fiducial inference, Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions, and Bayesian inference with default priors are attempts to achieve this goal but, to date, none has given a completely satisfactory picture. This paper presents a new framework for probabilistic inference, based on inferential models (IMs), which not only provides data-dependent probabilistic measures of uncertainty about the unknown parameter, but does so with an automatic long-run frequency calibration property. The key to this new approach is the identification of an unobservable auxiliary variable associated with observable data and unknown parameter, and the prediction of this auxiliary variable with a random set before conditioning on data. Here we present a three-step IM construction, and prove a frequency-calibration property of the IM's belief function under mild conditions. A corresponding optimality theory is developed, which helps to resolve the non-uniqueness issue. Several examples are presented to illustrate this new approach.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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