铅笔利用环境热量发电
Electricity generated from Ambient Heat by Pencils
摘要：
利用环境热发电的思想对科学和工程都具有重要意义。在这里，我们提出了一个有趣的想法，使用铅笔芯，这是由石墨和粘土，从室温下的电解质水溶液中的离子的热运动发电。当两个铅笔芯平行放置在溶液中时，在3 M KCl、NaCl、NiCl 2和CuCl 2溶液中分别产生0.655、1.023、1.023和1.828 nW的输出功率。此外，我们还证明了两片还原的氧化石墨烯膜和/或少层石墨烯膜当浸入溶液中时可以产生更多的电，而没有电极与溶液接触。这一发现进一步证实了电不是由电极和溶液之间的化学反应产生的。结果还表明，环境热能可以利用低维材料（例如石墨烯）或利用固体材料的表面而不存在温度梯度来收获。然而，其机制尚不清楚。
英文摘要：
The idea of generating electricity from ambient heat has significant meanings for both science and engineering. Here, we present an interesting idea of using pencil leads, which are made of graphite and clay, to generate electricity from the thermal motion of ions in aqueous electrolyte solution at room temperature. When two pencil leads were placed in parallel in the solutions, output power of 0.655, 1.023, 1.023 and 1.828 nW were generated in 3 M KCl, NaCl, NiCl2 and CuCl2 solutions, respectively. Besides, we also demonstrate that two pieces of reduced graphene oxide films and /or few-layer graphene films can generate much more electricity when dipped into the solutions, while there was no electrodes contact with the solution. This finding further verified that the electricity was not resulted from the chemical reaction between the electrodes and the solutions. The results also demonstrate that ambient thermal energy can be harvested with low dimensional materials, such as graphene, or with the surface of solid material without the presence of temperature gradient. However, the mechanism is still unclear.
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