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arXiv 1205.1990astro-ph.GA
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高速云产生的X射线的模拟

Modeling the X-rays Resulting from High Velocity Clouds

Robin L. Shelton, Kyujin Kwak, David B. Henley

摘要:

为了理解为什么在一些高速云附近报告了X射线,我们对与环境气体相互作用的云进行了详细的三维流体动力学和磁流体动力学模拟,如银河系厚盘/晕或麦哲伦流。我们研究两种情况。在第一种情况下,云的移动速度足够快,可以冲击加热温暖的环境气体。在这种情况下,X射线的生产力强烈依赖于云的速度和辐射冷却率。为了将环境气体冲击加热到>或= 10^6 K的温度,云的速度需要>或= 300 km/s。如果冷却被淬灭,那么冲击加热的环境气体是X射线发射的,由于O VII和其他离子而产生1/4 keV波段的明亮X射线和3/4 keV波段的一些X射线。相反,如果辐射冷却率与太阳丰度的碰撞电离平衡等离子体相似,那么受冲击的气体只有轻微的亮度,并且只有大约100万年。预测的计数率为无辐射的情况下是足够明亮的解释与XMM-牛顿观测到的计数率朝向麦哲伦流云和一些增强ROSAT 1/4千电子伏计数率朝向复杂的C,而预测的计数率为完全辐射的情况下没有。在第二种情况下,云穿过并与热的环境气体混合。混合区可能包含热气体,但混合气体的热部分不如冲击加热场景中的明亮。

英文摘要:

With the goal of understanding why X-rays have been reported near some high velocity clouds, we perform detailed 3 dimensional hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of clouds interacting with environmental gas like that in the Galaxy's thick disk/halo or the Magellanic Stream. We examine 2 scenarios. In the first, clouds travel fast enough to shock-heat warm environmental gas. In this scenario, the X-ray productivity depends strongly on the speed of the cloud and the radiative cooling rate. In order to shock-heat environmental gas to temperatures of > or = 10^6 K, cloud speeds of > or = 300 km/s are required. If cooling is quenched, then the shock-heated ambient gas is X-ray emissive, producing bright X-rays in the 1/4 keV band and some X-rays in the 3/4 keV band due to O VII and other ions. If, in contrast, the radiative cooling rate is similar to that of collisional ionizational equilibrium plasma with solar abundances, then the shocked gas is only mildly bright and for only about 1 Myr. The predicted count rates for the non-radiative case are bright enough to explain the count rate observed with XMM-Newton toward a Magellanic Stream cloud and some enhancement in the ROSAT 1/4 keV count rate toward Complex C, while the predicted count rates for the fully radiative case are not. In the second scenario, the clouds travel through and mix with hot ambient gas. The mixed zone can contain hot gas, but the hot portion of the mixed gas is not as bright as those from the shock-heating scenario.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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