最有效纤毛运动
Kinematics of the most efficient cilium
摘要：
在许多生物学过程中，真核细胞使用纤毛来运输流体。虽然纤毛有一个非常保守的内部分子结构，实验观察报告非常不同的运动学。为了解决这种多样性，我们确定数值最有效的纤毛的运动学和能量学。具体来说，我们计算的时间周期性变形的壁绑定的弹性细丝导致运输周围的流体在最小的能量成本，其中的成本被认为是积极的工作所做的所有内部分子马达。最佳的运动学被发现强烈依赖于纤毛弯曲刚度通过一个单一的无量纲数，精子数，并密切类似于实验观察到的两冲程纤毛跳动模式。
英文摘要：
In a variety of biological processes, eukaryotic cells use cilia to transport flow. Although cilia have a remarkably conserved internal molecular structure, experimental observations report very diverse kinematics. To address this diversity, we determine numerically the kinematics and energetics of the most efficient cilium. Specifically, we compute the time-periodic deformation of a wall-bound elastic filament leading to transport of a surrounding fluid at minimum energetic cost, where the cost is taken to be the positive work done by all internal molecular motors. The optimal kinematics are found to strongly depend on the cilium bending rigidity through a single dimensionless number, the Sperm number, and closely resemble the two-stroke ciliary beating pattern observed experimentally.
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