极化激元量子流体中的半孤子具有磁单极子的性质
Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles
摘要：
磁单极是磁荷，是磁场的点状源。与电荷相反，它们在麦克斯韦方程中并不存在，也从未被观察到是基本粒子。量子流体，如旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，已经被预测显示出相和自旋拓扑结构相结合的激发形式的单极子。由于其独特的自旋结构和流体波函数的直接光学控制，实验探索这一现象的理想系统是半导体微腔中激子-极化激元的凝聚体。我们使用这个系统来创建半孤子，混合自旋相位几何的非线性激发。通过跟踪它们的轨迹，我们证明了半孤子表现为单极子，磁荷沿着存在于微腔中的有效磁场加速。场诱导的相反电荷的半孤子的空间分离为量子流体中磁流的产生开辟了道路。
英文摘要：
Monopoles are magnetic charges, point-like sources of magnetic field. Contrary to electric charges they are absent in Maxwell's equations and have never been observed as fundamental particles. Quantum fluids such as spinor Bose-Einstein condensates have been predicted to show monopoles in the form of excitations combining phase and spin topologies. Thanks to its unique spin structure and the direct optical control of the fluid wavefunction, an ideal system to experimentally explore this phenomenon is a condensate of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. We use this system to create half-solitons, non-linear excitations with mixed spin-phase geometry. By tracking their trajectory, we demonstrate that half-solitons behave as monopoles, magnetic charges accelerated along an effective magnetic field present in the microcavity. The field-induced spatial separation of half-solitons of opposite charges opens the way to the generation of magnetic currents in a quantum fluid.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
