局域场效应产生的混合物质波-微波孤子
Hybrid matter-wave-microwave solitons produced by the local-field effect
摘要：
最近发现，电局域场效应（LFE）可以导致原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）与非共振光场的强耦合。我们证明，磁LFE产生了一个以前未探索的机制耦合（伪）旋量BEC或费米子气体微波（MW）。我们提出了一个理论的磁性LFE，并发现它引起的（伪）旋量的两个组件之间的短程吸引力的相互作用，和它们之间的长程相互作用。后者的相互作用，从变形的磁场，是局部排斥，但全球吸引力，在鲜明的对比，其对应的光学LFE，产生的相位调制的电场。我们的分析结果，数值计算证实，长程相互作用引起的调制不稳定性的空间均匀状态，并创建稳定的基态的形式的混合物质波-微波孤子（这似乎是一维磁单极子），其尺寸远小于MW波长，即使在任意强的接触组件间排斥的存在下.该设置有点类似于半导体微腔中的激子-极化激元凝聚体。从孤子中释放出的物质波可用于实现原子激光。该分析也适用于分子BEC的旋转状态耦合的电MW场。
英文摘要：
It was recently found that the electric local-field effect (LFE) can lead to strong coupling of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) to off-resonant optical fields. We demonstrate that the magnetic LFE gives rise to a previously unexplored mechanism for coupling a (pseudo) spinor BEC or fermion gas to microwaves (MWs). We present a theory for the magnetic LFE, and find that it gives rise to a short-range attractive interaction between two components of the (pseudo) spinor, and a long-range interaction between them. The latter interaction, resulting from deformation of the magnetic field, is locally repulsive but globally attractive, in sharp contrast with its counterpart for the optical LFE, produced by phase modulation of the electric field. Our analytical results, confirmed by the numerical computations, show that the long-range interaction gives rise to modulational instability of the spatially uniform state, and creates stable ground states in the form of hybrid matter-wave-microwave solitons (which seem like one-dimensional magnetic monopoles), with a size much smaller than the MW wavelength, even in the presence of arbitrarily strong contact inter-component repulsion. The setting is somewhat similar to exciton-polaritonic condensates in semiconductor microcavities. The release of matter waves from the soliton may be used for the realization of an atom laser. The analysis also applies to molecular BECs with rotational states coupled by the electric MW field.
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