γ射线在空气中的传播和自由电子的产生
Propagation of gamma rays and production of free electrons in air
摘要：
\cite{Gr.Nusin.2010} - \cite{NusinSprangle}是近年来提出的一种新的放射性隐蔽物远距离探测概念。它基于太赫兹回旋管产生的高功率电磁波束在空气中的焦点击穿。为了引发雪崩击穿，种子自由电子应该在电磁脉冲期间存在于该聚焦区域中。本文致力于分析放射性物质泄漏的γ射线产生的自由电子。在离辐射源100米范围内，波动的自由电子以可能大大超过自然背景电离率的速率出现。在大约10微秒长度的回旋管脉冲期间，这些电子可能引发电击穿，并在聚焦区域产生足够密集的等离子体，以被检测为隐藏的放射性物质的明确影响。
英文摘要：
A new concept of remote detection of concealed radioactive materials has been recently proposed \cite{Gr.Nusin.2010}-\cite{NusinSprangle}. It is based on the breakdown in air at the focal point of a high-power beam of electromagnetic waves produced by a THz gyrotron. To initiate the avalanche breakdown, seed free electrons should be present in this focal region during the electromagnetic pulse. This paper is devoted to the analysis of production of free electrons by gamma rays leaking from radioactive materials. Within a hundred meters from the radiation source, the fluctuating free electrons appear with the rate that may exceed significantly the natural background ionization rate. During the gyrotron pulse of about 10 microsecond length, such electrons may seed the electric breakdown and create sufficiently dense plasma at the focal region to be detected as an unambiguous effect of the concealed radioactive material.
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