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arXiv 1204.0987cs.CR
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物理不可克隆函数的形式化定义及其安全机制

A formal definition and a new security mechanism of physical unclonable functions

Rainer Plaga, Frank Koob

摘要:

精确地定义了“物理不可克隆功能”(PUF)的一般含义的特征新颖性,以便为安全评估和新安全机制的建议提供坚实的基础。PUF被定义为硬件设备,其实现具有随其自变量而改变的输出值的物理功能。PUF可以是可克隆的,但安全PUF必须是不可克隆的。PUF的这种所提出的含义从“常规不可克隆函数”、“物理混淆密钥”、“随机数生成器”、“受控PUF”和“强PUF”的密切相关的概念中清晰地描绘出来。一个系统的安全性评估的PUF所提出的正式定义的结构进行了概述。根据我们的定义,实际上所有当前和新颖的物理(但不是常规的)不可克隆的物理功能都是PUF。因此,所提出的定义抓住了关于什么是PUF的现有直觉,并且保持足够的灵活性以包含进一步的研究。在第二部分中,我们定量地描述了两类PUF安全机制,标准的,基于最小的秘密读出时间,和一个新的,基于挑战相关的擦除存储的信息。新的机制被证明允许在原则上的“量子PUF”的建设,这是绝对安全的,而不需要存储的指数大的秘密。在数学上和物理上不可克隆的PUF的构造原则上不违背物理定律。

英文摘要:

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as a hardware device which implements a physical function with an output value that changes with its argument. A PUF can be clonable, but a secure PUF must be unclonable. This proposed meaning of a PUF is cleanly delineated from the closely related concepts of "conventional unclonable function", "physically obfuscated key", "random-number generator", "controlled PUF" and "strong PUF". The structure of a systematic security evaluation of a PUF enabled by the proposed formal definition is outlined. Practically all current and novel physical (but not conventional) unclonable physical functions are PUFs by our definition. Thereby the proposed definition captures the existing intuition about what is a PUF and remains flexible enough to encompass further research. In a second part we quantitatively characterize two classes of PUF security mechanisms, the standard one, based on a minimum secret read-out time, and a novel one, based on challenge-dependent erasure of stored information. The new mechanism is shown to allow in principle the construction of a "quantum-PUF", that is absolutely secure while not requiring the storage of an exponentially large secret. The construction of a PUF that is mathematically and physically unclonable in principle does not contradict the laws of physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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