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arXiv 1204.0697astro-ph.EP
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“TNOs are Cool”:对海王星外区域VI的调查。19个经典柯伊伯带天体的Herschel/PACS观测和热模拟

"TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region VI. Herschel/PACS observations and thermal modeling of 19 classical Kuiper belt objects

E. Vilenius, C. Kiss, M. Mommert, T. Müller, P. Santos-Sanz, A. Pal, J. Stansberry, M. Mueller, N. Peixinho, S. Fornasier, E. Lellouch, A. Delsanti, A. Thirouin… 展开作者

E. Vilenius, C. Kiss, M. Mommert, T. Müller, P. Santos-Sanz, A. Pal, J. Stansberry, M. Mueller, N. Peixinho, S. Fornasier, E. Lellouch, A. Delsanti, A. Thirouin, J. L. Ortiz, R. Duffard, D. Perna, N. Szalai, S. Protopapa, F. Henry, D. Hestroffer, M. Rengel, E. Dotto, P. Hartogh

摘要:

海王星外天体(TNO)是太阳系形成过程中的遗留物。它们的物理性质限制了外太阳系各种动力学类型天体的形成和演化模型。基于19个典型的TNO样本,我们确定了辐射尺寸,几何参数和波束参数。我们的样本是由动态热和冷经典。我们研究了这两个子样本的直径和轨道半径之间的相关性,以及它们与轨道参数、光谱斜率和颜色之间的相关性。我们用Herschel/PACS进行了三波段的测光观测,并使用一致的方法对该样品进行了数据处理和孔径测光,获得了70.0,100.0和160.0 μm的单色通量密度。此外,我们使用Spitzer/MIPS通量密度在23.68和71.42 μm时,我们提出了新的Spitzer通量密度的八个目标。利用近地小行星热模型(NEATM)推导了小行星的直径和轨道半径。作为辅助数据,我们使用重新审查的绝对目视星等的文献和数据库,其中一部分已获得地面计划,以支持我们的赫歇尔关键计划。我们已经确定了第一次的辐射大小和八个经典的TNO的,并完善了以前的大小和TNO的估计或限制的其他11个经典。2002 MS 4和120347五层龙的新大小估计表明,它们是已知的10个最大的TNO之一。我们的新结果证实了最近的研究结果,即在经典的TNO中有非常不同的热平衡度,并且冷的经典具有高的平均热平衡度(0.17 +/- 0.04)。在我们的样本中,经典TNO的直径与轨道倾角密切相关。我们还确定了六个二元TNO的体积密度。

英文摘要:

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNO) represent the leftovers of the formation of the Solar System. Their physical properties provide constraints to the models of formation and evolution of the various dynamical classes of objects in the outer Solar System. Based on a sample of 19 classical TNOs we determine radiometric sizes, geometric albedos and beaming parameters. Our sample is composed of both dynamically hot and cold classicals. We study the correlations of diameter and albedo of these two subsamples with each other and with orbital parameters, spectral slopes and colors. We have done three-band photometric observations with Herschel/PACS and we use a consistent method for data reduction and aperture photometry of this sample to obtain monochromatic flux densities at 70.0, 100.0 and 160.0 μm. Additionally, we use Spitzer/MIPS flux densities at 23.68 and 71.42 μm when available, and we present new Spitzer flux densities of eight targets. We derive diameters and albedos with the near-Earth asteroid thermal model (NEATM). As auxiliary data we use reexamined absolute visual magnitudes from the literature and data bases, part of which have been obtained by ground based programs in support of our Herschel key program. We have determined for the first time radiometric sizes and albedos of eight classical TNOs, and refined previous size and albedo estimates or limits of 11 other classicals. The new size estimates of 2002 MS4 and 120347 Salacia indicate that they are among the 10 largest TNOs known. Our new results confirm the recent findings that there are very diverse albedos among the classical TNOs and that cold classicals possess a high average albedo (0.17 +/- 0.04). Diameters of classical TNOs strongly correlate with orbital inclination in our sample. We also determine the bulk densities of six binary TNOs.

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