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arXiv 1203.4162nlin.PScond-mat.quant-gas
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离散非线性Schroedinger方程的负温度态

Negative Temperature States in the Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation

S. Iubini, R. Franzosi, R. Livi, G. -L. Oppo, A. Politi

摘要:

研究了离散非线性薛定谔方程的统计行为。我们发现一个参数区域,系统的发展,其特征在于由一个有限密度的呼吸和负温度的状态。这样的状态是亚稳态的,但收敛到平衡状态的过程发生在天文时间尺度上,并且由于粗化过程而变得越来越慢。稳定的负温度状态可以通过边界耗散或从最初在正温度平衡的波包的自由膨胀实验产生。

英文摘要:

We explore the statistical behavior of the discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We find a parameter region where the system evolves towards a state characterized by a finite density of breathers and a negative temperature. Such a state is metastable but the convergence to equilibrium occurs on astronomical time scales and becomes increasingly slower as a result of a coarsening processes. Stationary negative-temperature states can be experimentally generated via boundary dissipation or from free expansions of wave packets initially at positive temperature equilibrium.

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