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arXiv 1202.6153cs.AI
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通用人工智能的十年

One Decade of Universal Artificial Intelligence

NICTA(澳大利亚国家信息与通信技术研究院);ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院)

Marcus Hutter

摘要:

本世纪的第一个十年见证了第一个通用人工智能数学理论的诞生。通用人工智能(UAI)的这一理论对许多理论、哲学和实际的人工智能问题做出了重大贡献。在一系列的论文中,最终在书(Hutter,2005)中,一个令人兴奋的声音和完整的数学模型的超级智能代理(AIXI)已经开发和严格的分析。虽然现在大多数人工智能研究人员避免讨论智能,但获奖的博士论文(Legg,2008)提供了哲学嵌入,并研究了基于UAI的理性智能的通用度量,这是正式的,客观的和非以人为中心的。最近,在JAIR论文(Veness等人,2011)中已经推导出了AIXI的有效近似并进行了实验研究。这一实际的突破已经带来了一些令人印象深刻的应用,最终平息了早先关于UAI只是一个理论的批评。这是第一次,在不提供任何领域知识的情况下,同一个代理能够自适应各种各样的交互环境。例如,AIXI能够从头开始学习玩TicTacToe,Pacman,Kuhn Poker和其他游戏,甚至不提供游戏规则。这些成就给人以新的希望,即通用人工智能的宏伟目标并非遥不可及。本文提供了一个非正式的概述UAI的背景。它试图温和地介绍一个非常理论化,形式化和数学化的主题,并讨论哲学和技术成分,智能特征,一些社会问题以及UAI的过去和未来。

英文摘要:

The first decade of this century has seen the nascency of the first mathematical theory of general artificial intelligence. This theory of Universal Artificial Intelligence (UAI) has made significant contributions to many theoretical, philosophical, and practical AI questions. In a series of papers culminating in book (Hutter, 2005), an exciting sound and complete mathematical model for a super intelligent agent (AIXI) has been developed and rigorously analyzed. While nowadays most AI researchers avoid discussing intelligence, the award-winning PhD thesis (Legg, 2008) provided the philosophical embedding and investigated the UAI-based universal measure of rational intelligence, which is formal, objective and non-anthropocentric. Recently, effective approximations of AIXI have been derived and experimentally investigated in JAIR paper (Veness et al. 2011). This practical breakthrough has resulted in some impressive applications, finally muting earlier critique that UAI is only a theory. For the first time, without providing any domain knowledge, the same agent is able to self-adapt to a diverse range of interactive environments. For instance, AIXI is able to learn from scratch to play TicTacToe, Pacman, Kuhn Poker, and other games by trial and error, without even providing the rules of the games. These achievements give new hope that the grand goal of Artificial General Intelligence is not elusive. This article provides an informal overview of UAI in context. It attempts to gently introduce a very theoretical, formal, and mathematical subject, and discusses philosophical and technical ingredients, traits of intelligence, some social questions, and the past and future of UAI.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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