Neuro-symbolic and statistical relational artificial intelligence both integrate frameworks for learning with logical reasoning. This survey identifies several parallels across seven different dimensions between these two fields. These cannot only be used to characterize and position neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence approaches but also to identify a number of directions for further research.
BiNSGPS: Geometry Problem Solving via Bidirectional Neuro-Symbolic Interaction
MAIS, Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences（自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）
Taxonomic Networks: A Representation for Neuro-Symbolic Pairing
School of Interactive Computing（交互计算学院）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；College of Computing and Informatics（计算与信息学院）；Drexel University（德雷塞尔大学）
Social norms underlie all human social interactions, yet formalizing and reasoning with them remains a major challenge for AI systems. We present a novel system for taking social rules of thumb (ROTs) in natural language from the Social Chemistry 101 dataset and converting them to first-order logic where reasoning is performed using a neuro-symbolic theorem prover. We accomplish this in several steps. First, ROTs are converted into Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), which is a graphical representation of the concepts in a sentence, and align the AMR with RoBERTa embeddings. We then generat…
LTLZinc: a Benchmarking Framework for Continual Learning and Neuro-Symbolic Temporal Reasoning
University of Pisa（比萨大学）；University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）；KU Leuven（鲁汶大学）；University of Florence（佛罗伦萨大学）；University of Siena（锡耶纳大学）
Howard University（霍华德大学）；College of Engineering and Architecture（工程与建筑学院）；DoD Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning（美国国防部人工智能与机器学习卓越中心）；U.S. Army Research Laboratory（美国陆军研究实验室）
Vehicle: Bridging the Embedding Gap in the Verification of Neuro-Symbolic Programs
University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学）；Well-Typed（Well-Typed公司）；University of Strathclyde（思克莱德大学）；Heriot-Watt University（赫瑞-瓦特大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室）
In robotic domains, learning and planning are complicated by continuous state spaces, continuous action spaces, and long task horizons. In this work, we address these challenges with Neuro-Symbolic Relational Transition Models (NSRTs), a novel class of models that are data-efficient to learn, compatible with powerful robotic planning methods, and generalizable over objects. NSRTs have both symbolic and neural components, enabling a bilevel planning scheme where symbolic AI planning in an outer loop guides continuous planning with neural models in an inner loop. Experiments in four robotic plan…
Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence -- the combination of symbolic methods with methods that are based on artificial neural networks -- has a long-standing history. In this article, we provide a structured overview of current trends, by means of categorizing recent publications from key conferences. The article is meant to serve as a convenient starting point for research on the general topic.
Humans have the ability to seamlessly combine low-level visual input with high-level symbolic reasoning often in the form of recognising objects, learning relations between them and applying rules. Neuro-symbolic systems aim to bring a unifying approach to connectionist and logic-based principles for visual processing and abstract reasoning respectively. This paper presents a complete neuro-symbolic method for processing images into objects, learning relations and logical rules in an end-to-end fashion. The main contribution is a differentiable layer in a deep learning architecture from which …
Adobe（奥多比公司）；Georgia Tech（佐治亚理工学院）；Facebook AI Research（Facebook人工智能研究院）
There are two classes of generative art approaches: neural, where a deep model is trained to generate samples from a data distribution, and symbolic or algorithmic, where an artist designs the primary parameters and an autonomous system generates samples within these constraints. In this work, we propose a new hybrid genre: neuro-symbolic generative art. As a preliminary study, we train a generative deep neural network on samples from the symbolic approach. We demonstrate through human studies that subjects find the final artifacts and the creation process using our neuro-symbolic approach to …
IBM Research – Zurich（IBM苏黎世研究院）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Neither deep neural networks nor symbolic AI alone has approached the kind of intelligence expressed in humans. This is mainly because neural networks are not able to decompose joint representations to obtain distinct objects (the so-called binding problem), while symbolic AI suffers from exhaustive rule searches, among other problems. These two problems are still pronounced in neuro-symbolic AI which aims to combine the best of the two paradigms. Here, we show that the two problems can be addressed with our proposed neuro-vector-symbolic architecture (NVSA) by exploiting its powerful operator…
We present a new AI task and baseline solution for Inter-Subjective Reasoning. We define inter-subjective information, to be a mixture of objective and subjective information possibly shared by different parties. Examples may include commodities and their objective properties as reported by IR (Information Retrieval) systems, that need to be cross-referenced with subjective user reviews from an online forum. For an AI system to successfully reason about both, it needs to be able to combine symbolic reasoning of objective facts with the shared consensus found on subjective user reviews. To this…
University of Trento（特伦托大学）；University of Pisa（比萨大学）
Neuro-symbolic predictors learn a mapping from sub-symbolic inputs to higher-level concepts and then carry out (probabilistic) logical inference on this intermediate representation. This setup offers clear advantages in terms of consistency to symbolic prior knowledge, and is often believed to provide interpretability benefits in that - by virtue of complying with the knowledge - the learned concepts can be better understood by human stakeholders. However, it was recently shown that this setup is affected by reasoning shortcuts whereby predictions attain high accuracy by leveraging concepts wi…
Bosch Research（博世研究院）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California（南加州大学维特比工程学院信息科学研究所）；Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）
This chapter illustrates how suitable neuro-symbolic models for language understanding can enable domain generalizability and robustness in downstream tasks. Different methods for integrating neural language models and knowledge graphs are discussed. The situations in which this combination is most appropriate are characterized, including quantitative evaluation and qualitative error analysis on a variety of commonsense question answering benchmark datasets.
