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arXiv 1202.5089cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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水相混合物中的选择性溶剂化:界面变形和不稳定性

Selective solvation in aqueous mixtures: Interface deformations and instability

Akira Onuki, Takeaki Araki

摘要:

我们简要地回顾了离子在水溶液中的选择性溶剂化效应,其中离子密度和组成波动是强耦合的。然后,我们研究了离子存在下液-液界面的表面张力γ。我们发现,由于界面附近的静电和溶剂化相互作用,γ可以急剧下降。我们计算自由能是如何改变的,由于小的表面起伏的存在下的双电层。当γ为负值时,表面不稳定性发生,这在溶剂临界附近的拮抗离子对中很容易实现。三维模拟显示了如何诱发表面不稳定性。

英文摘要:

We briefly review the effects of selective solvation of ions in aqueous mixtures, where the ion densities and the composition fluctuations are strongly coupled. We then examine the surface tension γof a liquid-liquid interface in the presence of ions. We show that γcan be decreased drastically due to the electrostatic and solvation interactions near the interface. We calculate how the free energy is changed due to small surface undulations in the presence of an electric double layer. A surface instability occurs for negative γ, which can easily be realized for antagonistic ion pairs near the solvent criticality. Three-dimensional simulation shows how the surface instability is induced.

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