选择性溶剂化诱导软物质的相变
Phase Transitions in Soft Matter Induced by Selective Solvation
摘要：
本文综述了近年来我们对含有少量溶质的极性二元混合物相分离中的选择性溶剂化效应的研究。这样的亲水性或疏水性颗粒优先被吸引到溶剂组分之一。我们讨论了由亲水性和疏水性离子组成的拮抗盐的作用，这些拮抗盐在水-油界面处进行微相分离，从而形成中间相。然后，我们讨论了相分离诱导的强选择性溶剂的临界溶质密度NP以上，发生远离溶剂共存曲线。我们也给出了离子表面活性剂体系和弱离子化聚电解质的理论，包括带电粒子和极性分子之间的溶剂化作用。我们指出，吉布斯公式的表面张力需要包括静电的贡献，在存在的双电层。
英文摘要：
We review our recent studies on selective solvation effects in phase separation in polar binary mixtures with a small amount of solutes. Such hydrophilic or hydrophobic particles are preferentially attracted to one of the solvent components. We discuss the role of antagonistic salt composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ions, which undergo microphase separation at water-oil interfaces leading to mesophases. We then discuss phase separation induced by a strong selective solvent above a critical solute density np, which occurs far from the solvent coexistence curve. We also give theories of ionic surfactant systems and weakly ionized polyelectrolytes including solvation among charged particles and polar molecules. We point out that the Gibbs formula for the surface tension needs to include an electrostatic contribution in the presence of an electric double layer.
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