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arXiv 1202.5010astro-ph.GA
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PDKEEPAAA-GMC气体性质的HARP研究

The Gas Properties of the W3 GMC: A HARP study

Danae Polychroni, Toby J. T. Moore, James Allsopp

摘要:

本文给出了在詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦望远镜上得到的W3巨磁物质J=3-2的~(12)CO、~(13)CO和~(18)O图。我们将这些观测结果与五所大学射电天文台CO J=1-0的数据相结合,产生了第一张GMC分子气体温度图,并最准确地确定了W3的质量分布。我们测量的激发温度在15-30 K的云的一部分为主的触发恒星形成(高密度层,HDL),而在云的其余部分,这是相对不受触发(低密度层,LDL),激发温度通常低于12 K。我们确定了HDL中的温度梯度,我们将其与嵌入的大质量恒星形成区域中的年龄序列相关联。我们测量到云的质量为4.4+/-0.4 x 10^5太阳质量,与之前的估计一致。现有的亚毫米连续数据被用来推导气体质量的分数在密集的团块作为云的位置的函数。我们解释为团块形成效率(CFE)的该分数在HDL中显著增强,这可能是由于触发。最后,我们测量了作为位置函数的三维均方根马赫数,并在HDL中找到了马赫数和CFE之间的关系。这种相关性被解释为来自新形成恒星的反馈,而三个主要恒星形成区之间的斜率变化被解释为另一种进化效应。我们的结论是,触发影响了W3 GMC的恒星形成过程,主要是通过创造额外的致密结构,可以崩溃成恒星。由于额外的湍流而导致的CFE变化的任何痕迹都被恒星形成过程本身的反馈效应所推翻。

英文摘要:

We present 12CO, 13CO and C18O J=3-2 maps of the W3 GMC made at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We combine these observations with Five Colleges Radio Astronomy Observatory CO J=1-0 data to produce the first map of molecular-gas temperatures across a GMC and the most accurate determination of the mass distribution in W3 yet obtained. We measure excitation temperatures in the part of the cloud dominated by triggered star formation (the High Density Layer, HDL) of 15-30 K, while in the rest of the cloud, which is relatively unaffected by triggering (Low Density Layer, LDL), the excitation temperature is generally less than 12 K. We identify a temperature gradient in the HDL which we associate with an age sequence in the embedded massive star-forming regions. We measure the mass of the cloud to be 4.4+/-0.4 x 10^5 solar masses, in agreement with previous estimates. Existing sub-mm continuum data are used to derive the fraction of gas mass in dense clumps as a function of position in the cloud. This fraction, which we interpret as a Clump Formation Efficiency (CFE), is significantly enhanced across the HDL, probably due to the triggering. Finally, we measure the 3D rms Mach Number as a function of position and find a correlation between the Mach number and the CFE within the HDL only. This correlation is interpreted as due to feedback from the newly-formed stars and a change in its slope between the three main star-forming regions is construed as another evolutionary effect. We conclude that triggering has affected the star-formation process in the W3 GMC primarily by creating additional dense structures that can collapse into stars. Any traces of changes in CFE due to additional turbulence have since been overruled by the feedback effects of the star-forming process itself.

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