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arXiv 1312.0643astro-ph.GA
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Milky Way中分子云的稠密气体质量分数

The Dense Gas Mass Fraction of Molecular Clouds in the Milky Way

Andrew J. Battisti, Mark H. Heyer

摘要:

利用FCRAO银道面巡天和Bolocam银道面巡天(BGPS)1.1mm尘埃连续辐射的~(13)CO数据,研究了银河系巨分子云(GMC)中致密气体的质量分数。从BGPS星表中选取了860个致密尘埃源的样本,并与344个扩展(> 3 ')~(13)CO J=1-0发射云进行了动力学联系。表中列出了整个尘埃源和尘埃源内部质量表面密度大于200 M_solar/pc ^2的子区域的气体质量,这些子区域被认为是体积密度增强的区域。假设光学薄13 CO J=1-0发射和LTE条件,计算母体GMC的质量。尘埃源质量与宿主GMC质量的平均分数为0.11(-0.06,+0.12)。高柱密度子区域占云质量的0.07(-0.05,+0.13)。由于我们的假设,这些值是真实质量分数的上限。稠密气体的质量分数与GMC质量和气体表面密度无关。低密度气体质量分数表明,在GMC内形成致密结构是恒星形成的主要瓶颈。研究了稠密气体和低密度物质沿视线方向的速度差分布。我们发现一个强大的,集中峰值分布为中心的零速度位移。这种速度差的分布是用朝向稠密气体位置的径向收敛流来建模的,所述稠密气体位置相对于观察到的视线随机定向。这些模型将各种流态的入流速度限制在2-4 km/s。

英文摘要:

The mass fraction of dense gas within giant molecular clouds (GMCs) of the Milky Way is investigated using 13CO data from the FCRAO Galactic Plane Surveys and the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) of 1.1 mm dust continuum emission. A sample of 860 compact dust sources are selected from the BGPS catalog and kinematically linked to 344 clouds of extended (>3') 13CO J=1-0 emission. Gas masses are tabulated for the full dust source and subregions within the dust sources with mass surface densities greater than 200 M_solar/pc^2, which are assumed to be regions of enhanced volume density. Masses of the parent GMCs are calculated assuming optically thin 13CO J=1-0 emission and LTE conditions. The mean fractional mass of dust sources to host GMC mass is 0.11 (-0.06, +0.12). The high column density subregions comprise 0.07 (-0.05, +0.13) of the mass of the cloud. Owing to our assumptions, these values are upper limits to the true mass fractions. The fractional mass of dense gas is independent of GMC mass and gas surface density. The low dense gas mass fraction suggests that the formation of dense structures within GMCs is the primary bottleneck for star formation. The distribution of velocity differences between the dense gas and the low density material along the line of sight is also examined. We find a strong, centrally peaked distribution centered on zero velocity displacement. This distribution of velocity differences is modeled with radially converging flows towards the dense gas position that are randomly oriented with respect to the observed line of sight. These models constrain the infall velocities to be 2-4 km/s for various flow configurations.

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