自旋超流与自旋轨道规范对称性固定
Spin superfluidity and spin-orbit gauge symmetry fixing
摘要：
在自旋轨道活动介质中，描述二维电子气的哈密顿量可以转化为一致的非阿贝尔规范场理论，从而给出自旋流的正确定义。普遍提倡的规范对称理论导致电流密度是规范协变的，这一事实对它们的物理性质造成了严重的关注。我们表明，事实上，这个问题需要规范固定，没有留下任何空间的物理自旋电流的定义含糊不清。规范固定还允许规范对称情况下不存在的极化边缘激励。这里的情形类似于超导规范理论。我们发展了一个变分公式，它解释了U（1）物理场和SU（2）规范场之间的约束，并表明规范固定呈现出物理物质和辐射流，并导出了Rashba SO相互作用的特殊结果。
英文摘要：
The Hamiltonian describing 2D electron gas, in a spin-orbit active medium, can be cast into a consistent non-Abelian gauge field theory leading to a proper definition of the spin current. The generally advocated gauge symmetric version of the theory results in current densities that are gauge covariant, a fact that poses severe concerns on their physical nature. We show that in fact the problem demands gauge fixing, leaving no room to ambiguity in the definition of physical spin currents. Gauge fixing also allows for polarized edge excitations not present in the gauge symmetric case. The scenario here is analogous to that of superconductivity gauge theory. We develop a variational formulation that accounts for the constraints between U(1) physical fields and SU(2) gauge fields and show that gauge fixing renders a physical matter and radiation currents and derive the particular consequences for the Rashba SO interaction.
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