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arXiv 1202.3441astro-ph.CO
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在LambdaCDM模拟中形成早型半导体-I。组装历史

Forming Early-Type Galaxies in LambdaCDM Simulations -I. Assembly histories

Peter H. Johansson, Thorsten Naab, Jeremiah P. Ostriker

摘要:

我们从LambdaCDM初始条件出发,给出了质量范围为M_vir=7x10^11-4x10^12 M_sun的9个高分辨率宇宙学模拟样本.我们的模拟包括原始辐射冷却,光电离,恒星形成,超新星II反馈,但不包括超新星驱动的风和AGN反馈。模拟的星系聚集在两个阶段,与最初的增长占主导地位的紧凑(r<r_eff)在原位恒星形成的冷,低熵气体流的燃料,导致一个非常相似的平均组装红移z_{f,ins} ~2.5的所有星系中的原位恒星成分。后期的增长主要是由在主星系(r>r_eff)外的子星系中形成的老恒星吸积所主导,导致了z_{f,acc} ~0.5-1.5的组装红移和更大的散射。我们发现吸积恒星的比例和我们星系的最终质量之间存在正相关。我们发现,引力反馈强烈抑制了大质量星系中的恒星形成,这有助于观察到的星系颜色双峰。恒星物质的吸积也是观测到的早型星系尺寸增长的原因。此外,我们还发现恒星半质量半径范围内的暗物质分数从z = 3时的fDM ~0.05到z=0时的fDM ~0.1-0.3,向低红移方向连续增加。此外,总密度分布的对数斜率在现今(γ ′ ~ 1.9-2.2)几乎是等温的。最后,引力加热的输入降低了星系中心的暗物质密度,与没有超新星反馈的模拟相比,这种影响较小。

英文摘要:

We present a sample of nine high resolution cosmological simulations in the mass range of M_vir=7x10^11-4x10^12 M_sun starting from LambdaCDM initial conditions. Our simulations include primordial radiative cooling, photoionization, star formation, supernova II feedback, but exclude supernova driven winds and AGN feedback. The simulated galaxies assemble in two phases, with the initial growth dominated by compact (r<r_eff) in situ star formation fueled by cold, low entropy gas streams resulting in a very similar mean assembly redshift of z_{f,ins}~2.5 for the in situ stellar component in all galaxies. The late growth is dominated by accretion of old stars formed in subunits outside the main galaxy (r>r_eff) resulting in an assembly redshift of z_{f,acc}~0.5-1.5 with much larger scatter. We find a positive correlation between the fraction of accreted stars and the final mass of our galaxies. We show that gravitational feedback strongly suppresses late star formation in massive galaxies contributing to the observed galaxy color bimodality. The accretion of stellar material is also responsible for the observed size growth of early-type galaxies. In addition, we find that the dark matter fractions within the stellar half-mass radii continuously increase towards lower redshift from about f_DM~0.05 at z~3 to f_DM~0.1-0.3 at z=0. Furthermore, the logarithmic slope of the total density profile is nearly isothermal at the present-day (gamma'~1.9-2.2). Finally, the input of gravitational heating lowers the central dark matter densities in the galaxies, with the effect being smaller compared to simulations without supernova feedback.

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