SN 1980 K的三十年：光回波的证据
Thirty years of SN 1980K: Evidence for light echoes
摘要：
我们报告了SN 1980 K在2004年至2010年之间的光学和中红外测光结果，这些结果显示出与爆发后8至17年的光谱和光度观测一致的缓慢单调衰落。二十年来缓慢的变化率表明，这种演变可能是由扩展的星周物质的散射和热光回波造成的。我们提出了一个半解析尘埃辐射传输模型，使用经验校正的有效光学深度，以提供一个快速和强大的替代全蒙特卡罗辐射转移建模均匀尘埃在低到中等的光学深度。我们发现，未解决的回声从一个薄的拱壳14-15 lt-yr的祖先，并含有约0.02 Msun的富碳尘埃，可以解释宽带光谱和时间的演变。其大小、质量和尘埃成分与SN 1987 A周围散射回波中观察到的接触不连续性吻合得很好。慢变化的高速[O I]和H α线的起源也被认为是。我们提出了一个起源于冲击高速富含金属的团块的喷出物，而不是产生的影响喷出物上缓慢移动的拱星材料，是在SN 1987 A的热点的情况下。
英文摘要：
We report optical and mid-infrared photometry of SN 1980K between 2004 and 2010, which show slow monotonic fading consistent with previous spectroscopic and photometric observations made 8 to 17 years after outburst. The slow rate-of-change over two decades suggests that this evolution may result from scattered and thermal light echoes off of extended circumstellar material. We present a semi- analytic dust radiative-transfer model that uses an empirically corrected effective optical depth to provide a fast and robust alternative to full Monte-Carlo radiative transfer modeling for homogenous dust at low to intermediate optical depths. We find that unresolved echoes from a thin circumstellar shell 14-15 lt-yr from the progenitor, and containing about 0.02 Msun of carbon-rich dust, can explain the broadband spectral and temporal evolution. The size, mass and dust composition are in good agreement with the contact discontinuity observed in scattered echoes around SN 1987A. The origin of slowly-changing high-velocity [O I] and Halpha lines is also considered. We propose an origin in shocked high-velocity metal-rich clumps of ejecta, rather than arising in the impact of ejecta on slowly-moving circumstellar material, as is the case with hot spots in SN 1987A.
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