Berkeley Supernova Ia Program II: Initial Analysis of Spectra Obtained Near Maximum Brightness
Jeffrey M. Silverman, Jason J. Kong, Alexei V. Filippenko
备注:
73 pages, 18 figures, 15 tables, revised version re-submitted to MNRAS. Measured values of the spectral features (i.e., Appendix B) will be publicly available when the paper is accepted
In this second paper in a series we present measurements of spectral features of 432 low-redshift (z < 0.1) optical spectra of 261 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) within 20 d of maximum brightness. The data were obtained from 1989 through the end of 2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP) and are presented in BSNIP I (Silverman et al. 2012). We describe in detail our method of automated, robust spectral feature definition and measurement which expands upon similar previous studies. Using this procedure, we attempt to measure expansion velocities, pseudo-equivalent widths (pEW), spectral feature depths, and fluxes at the centre and endpoints of each of nine major spectral feature complexes. We investigate how velocity and pEW evolve with time and how they correlate with each other. Various spectral classification schemes are employed and quantitative spectral differences among the subclasses are investigated. Several ratios of pEW values are calculated and studied. The so-called Si II ratio, often used as a luminosity indicator (Nugent et al. 1995), is found to be well correlated with the so-called "SiFe" ratio and anticorrelated with the analogous "SSi ratio," confirming the results of previous studies. Furthermore, SNe Ia that show strong evidence for interaction with circumstellar material or an aspherical explosion are found to have the largest near-maximum expansion velocities and pEWs, possibly linking extreme values of spectral observables with specific progenitor or explosion scenarios. [Abridged]
Secondary Parameters of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
在Las Campanas天文台对当地Ia型超新星(SNe Ia)的$B$和$V$光变曲线进行的高质量观测表明,具有相同亮度衰减或拉伸的SNe Ia在最大光之后30天可能有系统的和独立的偏差< 5 days before and at times >。这表明存在两个独立的次要参数,除了亮度下降的关系控制的形状的超新星Ia光变曲线。伸展。的差异是一致的形态的时间依赖性和大小与预测模型内的延迟爆炸的情况。二次参数可以反映两个独立的物理效应所造成的祖和吸积率的变化,并链接的LC形状的变化与内在的,绝对的亮度。
A boost in the precision of cluster-mass models: Exploiting the extended surface brightness of the lensed supernova Refsdal host galaxy
Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);INAF – IASF Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 米兰天文物理研究所);Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所 (CSIC-UC));INAF – OAS, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 博洛尼亚天文物理与空间科学观测站);Università di Salerno(萨莱诺大学);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte(意大利国家天体物理研究所 - 卡波迪蒙特天文台);INFN – Gruppo Collegato di Salerno - Sezione di Napoli(意大利国家核物理研究所 - 萨莱诺协作组 - 那不勒斯分部)
Narrowing down the Hubble constant value by exploiting the extended surface brightness of the supernova Refsdal host galaxy
University of Turku(图尔库大学);Department of Physics, University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学物理系);University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学物理系);Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);INAF – IASF Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所–米兰天文物理研究所);Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所(CSIC-UC));INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia(意大利国家天体物理研究所–射电天文学研究所);Università degli Studi di Ferrara(费拉拉大学);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所–博洛尼亚天体物理与空间科学观测站)
High-Velocity Features of Calcium and Silicon in the Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae
“高速特征”(High-velocity features,HVF)是Ia型超新星(SNe Ia)的光谱特征,它们的最小值表明速度比典型的“光球速度特征”(photosphere velocity features,PVF)高出约6000 km/s。PVF是具有指示典型光球的最小值的吸收特征(即,大量喷出物)速度(通常约为9000- 15000 km/s,接近B波段最大亮度)。在这项工作中,我们进行了有史以来最深入的研究HVFs。本文使用的数据集包括445个低分辨率光学和近红外(NIR)光谱(在最大亮度过去5 d的时期)的210个低红移超新星Ia,遵循“菲利普斯关系”。“一系列高斯函数与数据拟合,以确定Ca II H&K,Si II λ6355和Ca II NIR三重态的可能HVF。的PVFs和HVFs的这三个光谱特征的速度和强度的时间演化的影响,可能与其他超新星Ia观测的相关性。我们发现,虽然Ca II的HVFs经常被观察到(除了在暗超新星Ia中,它们从未被发现),但Si II λ6355的HVFs非常罕见,它们往往存在于最早的时期,并且大多存在于具有大光球速度的物体中。它还表明,更强的HVFs的Si II λ6355中发现的对象,缺乏C II吸收在早期的时间,并有红色的紫外线/光学颜色接近最大亮度。这些结果导致了Si II λ6355的HVFs的存在和强度与许多其他相互关联的S…
X-ray surface brightness observations of galaxy clusters, cosmic opacity and the limits on the matter density parameter
在这项工作中,我们使用两个气体质量分数的星系团的X射线表面亮度的观测,结合最近的$H(z)$数据在一个平坦的$Λ$ CDM框架施加限制宇宙不透明度。假设星系团处于流体静力平衡状态,气体质量分数测量值随红移保持不变。我们表明,目前的限制物质密度参数得到的X射线气体质量分数测试是强烈依赖于宇宙透明性假设,即使是一个平坦的场景。我们的结果与$1σ$ c. l.中的透明宇宙一致。与使用Ia型超新星、伽马射线暴和$H(z)$数据的其他分析完全一致。