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arXiv 1202.1345astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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在星际介质中尘埃的增长:吸积和凝结是如何相互作用的?

Dust growth in the interstellar medium: How do accretion and coagulation interplay?

Hiroyuki Hirashita

摘要:

尘埃颗粒在星际云中通过吸积和凝聚而生长。在本文中,我们专注于这两个晶粒生长过程,并数值研究它们如何相互作用,以增加晶粒半径。我们发现,吸积有效地耗尽颗粒半径$a\la 0.001 \micron$的时间尺度上的$\la 10$兆年的太阳金属丰度分子云。凝结也发生在类似的时间尺度上,但增生是更有效地产生一个大的颠簸的粒度分布。在气相金属的主要部分被用完之后,凝结进一步将晶粒推向更大的尺寸。无论是否发生堆积,通过凝聚都可以获得相似的粒度;在这个意义上,堆积和凝聚独立地改变粒度分布。本文还研究了云中总尘埃质量的增加。我们发现,凝聚轻微“抑制”尘埃质量增长的吸积,但这种影响是轻微的,足以忽略在考虑星系中的颗粒质量预算。最后,我们研究了吸积和凝聚如何影响消光曲线:紫外线斜率和碳凸起是\textit{enhanced}的吸积,而他们被夷为平地凝聚。

英文摘要:

Dust grains grow in interstellar clouds by accretion and coagulation. In this paper, we focus on these two grain growth processes and numerically investigate how they interplay to increase the grain radii. We show that accretion efficiently depletes grains with radii $a\la 0.001 \micron$ on a time-scale of $\la 10$ Myr in solar-metallicity molecular clouds. Coagulation also occurs on a similar time-scale, but accretion is more efficient in producing a large bump in the grain size distribution. Coagulation further pushes the grains to larger sizes after a major part of the gas phase metals are used up. Similar grain sizes are achieved by coagulation regardless of whether accretion takes place or not; in this sense, accretion and coagulation modify the grain size distribution independently. The increase of the total dust mass in a cloud is also investigated. We show that coagulation slightly 'suppresses' dust mass growth by accretion but that this effect is slight enough to be neglected in considering the grain mass budget in galaxies. Finally we examine how accretion and coagulation affect the extinction curve: The ultraviolet slope and the carbon bump are \textit{enhanced} by accretion, while they are flattened by coagulation.

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