arXiv 1202.12772012-02-06hep-phastro-ph.HE

用高能宇宙射线检验基本原理

Testing fundamental principles with high-energy cosmic rays

Luis Gonzalez-Mestres

备注：: 4 pages, Proceedings of the XXIst International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Grenoble, France, July 2011. To be published by Proceedings of Science (already available)

摘要：

目前尚不清楚观测到的能量高于\simeq 4.10 E19 eV的超高能宇宙射线（UHECR）的通量抑制是否是Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin（GZK）截止的标志，或者对应于相关源的最大能量。这两种现象都可能对标准狭义相对论的违反敏感，从而在非常高的能量下修改宇宙射线的传播或加速，并且原则上允许对洛伦兹对称性违反（LSV）参数设定界限。但是，对实验数据进行精确的唯象分析绝非易事，而且还可能存在其他效应。有效参数可以直接与普朗克尺度物理或普朗克尺度以外的物理联系起来。如果真空静止框架（VRF）存在，LSV可以在很高的能量下改变粒子的内部结构。传统的对称性在接近普朗克尺度的能量下也可能不再有效。其他可能违反基本原理和常规基本假设的行为（量子力学、夸克禁闭、能量和动量守恒、真空均匀性和“静态”性质、有效空间维度.）也可以考虑并可能在高能宇宙射线实验中进行测试。即使低于UHE（超高能量），也不能排除外来特征。我们提出了一个更新的讨论的理论和现象学的情况下，包括基于地球和空间实验的前景和一个简单的潜在的解释所观察到的UHECR组成的LSV的GZK截止将被替换为自发发射的光子或电子+电子对。在会后公布的OPERA关于μ中微子可能超光速传播的结果中，我们简要地评述了μ中微子的\simeq 2.5 × 10 E-5临界速度异常可能引起的一致性问题。

英文摘要：

It is not yet clear whether the observed flux suppression for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) at energies above \simeq 4.10E19 eV is a signature of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff or corresponds, for instance, to the maximum energies available at the relevant sources. Both phenomena can be sensitive to violations of standard special relativity modifying cosmic-ray propagation or acceleration at very high energy, and would in principle allow to set bounds on Lorentz symmetry violation (LSV) parameters. But the precise phenomenological analysis of the experimental data is far from trivial, and other effects can be present. The effective parameters can be directly linked to Planck-scale physics or to physics beyond Planck scale. If a vacuum rest frame (VRF) exists, LSV can modify the internal structure of particles at very high energy. Conventional symmetries may also cease to be valid at energies close to the Planck scale. Other possible violations of fundamental principles and conventional basic hypotheses (quantum mechanics, quark confinement, energy and momentum conservation, vacuum homogeneity and "static" properties, effective space dimensions...) can also be considered and possibly tested in high-energy cosmic-ray experiments. Even below UHE (ultra-high energy), exotic signatures cannot be excluded. We present an updated discussion of the theoretical and phenomenological situation, including prospects for earth-based and space experiments and a simple potential interpretation of the observed UHECR composition in terms of LSV where the GZK cutoff would be replaced by spontaneous emission of photons or e+ e- pairs. As the OPERA result on a possible superluminal propagation of the muon neutrino was announced after the conference, we briefly comment on the consistency problems that a \simeq 2.5 x 10E-5 critical speed anomaly for the muon neutrino can raise.

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