凝聚态宇宙弦的宇宙射线
Cosmic Rays from Cosmic Strings with Condensates
摘要：
我们重新审视宇宙弦尖点产生宇宙射线的过程。如果一个标量场（"希格斯“）与弦世界片有线性相互作用，就像弦上有玻色子凝聚体时发生的那样，弦环上的尖点会发射出极高能量的希格斯窄束，然后衰变为超高能宇宙射线通量。当弦标度为$\sim 10^{13}$ GeV时，超高能通量和γ质子比与观测结果一致。扩散的伽马射线和质子通量远低于目前的界限。较轻的弦（\it）和标量的线性相互作用产生了过量的直接和扩散宇宙射线，并被观测所排除，而较重的弦（$\sim 10^{15}$ GeV）则受到它们的引力特征的限制。这为玻色凝聚的宇宙弦的存在留下了一个狭窄的参数空间窗口。
英文摘要：
We re-visit the production of cosmic rays by cusps on cosmic strings. If a scalar field (``Higgs'') has a linear interaction with the string world-sheet, such as would occur if there is a bosonic condensate on the string, cusps on string loops emit narrow beams of very high energy Higgses which then decay to give a flux of ultra high energy cosmic rays. The ultra-high energy flux and the gamma to proton ratio agree with observations if the string scale is $\sim 10^{13}$ GeV. The diffuse gamma ray and proton fluxes are well below current bounds. Strings that are {\it lighter} and have linear interactions with scalars produce an excess of direct and diffuse cosmic rays and are ruled out by observations, while heavier strings ($\sim 10^{15}$ GeV) are constrained by their gravitational signatures. This leaves a narrow window of parameter space for the existence of cosmic strings with bosonic condensates.
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