一种用于神经元光激活的混合生物-有机界面
A hybrid bio-organic interface for neuronal photo-activation
摘要：
人工功能材料与活体神经组织的对接是生物纳米技术的前沿。迄今为止，尝试基于金属和无机半导体作为偏置器件中的电极或光敏层的微尺度加工。最近，也研究了纳米材料的性质。然而，尽管有广泛的研究，生物组织和人工传感器之间的通信仍然是一个挑战。制约因素包括制造工艺的复杂性（即金属和半导体光刻）、机械性能（例如柔性和机械侵入性）和化学影响（例如炎症反应）。此外，电极具有限制刺激在空间中的位置的固定几何形状，并且通常电流对于整个系统是有害的。在这方面，有机软物质在生物亲和性和机械性能方面提供了一个机会。特别是共轭聚合物具有吸引人的光电特性，这可能导致新一代的神经元通信和光操纵技术。到目前为止，共轭聚合物仅被测试作为用于神经元活动记录的电极涂层。在这里，我们报告了它们的大规模使用：用途：通过光激发，有机半导体与培养的原代神经元网络成功连接。这为神经元的光学刺激提供了一种新的范例，这可能对基于有机光电探测器的人工视网膜的开发具有重要意义。
英文摘要：
Interfacing artificial functional materials and living neuronal tissues is at the forefront of bio-nano-technology. Attempts have been so far based onto microscale processing of metals and inorganic semiconductors as electrodes or photoactive layers in biased devices. More recently, also nanomaterials properties have been investigated. In spite of extensive research however, the communication between biological tissues and artificial sensors is still a challenge. Constraints consist in the complexity of the fabrication processes (i.e. metal and semiconductor lithography), the mechanical properties (e.g. flexibility and mechanical invasiveness) and chemical influence (e.g. inflammatory reactions). In addition, electrodes have fixed geometries that limit the location in space of the stimulus and often electrical currents are detrimental for the overall system. To this respect organic soft matter offers a chance in terms of biological affinity and mechanical properties. In particular conjugated polymers have appealing optoelectronic features which could lead to a new generation of neuronal communication and photo-manipulation techniques. So far conjugated polymers have being only tested as coatings of electrodes for neuronal activity recording. Here we report an up-scale of their use: the successful interfacing of an organic semiconductor to a network of cultured primary neurons, through optical excitation. This allows to a new paradigm for the optical stimulation of neurons which could have important implications for the development of an artificial retina based on organic photodetectors.
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