仿生乳液揭示了稳态压力对细胞-细胞粘附的影响
Biomimetic emulsions reveal the effect of homeostatic pressure on cell-cell adhesion
摘要：
组织中的细胞-细胞接触由于稳态压力和活跃的细胞骨架动力学而持续受到机械力的影响。虽然对粘附的分子途径了解很多，但对力学的作用了解较少。为了隔离压力的作用，我们提出了一个致密的包装功能化的乳液液滴中，表面相互作用进行调整，以模仿那些真正的细胞。通过在3D中可视化微观结构，我们发现阈值压缩力是克服静电排斥和表面弹性并建立蛋白质介导的粘附所必需的。改变液滴相互作用势，绘制出粘附力和盐浓度的函数相图。值得注意的是，用我们的理论模型拟合数据预测粘附区域中的结合剂浓度与真实细胞中的结合剂浓度相似。此外，我们量化的粘附大小依赖于所施加的力，从而揭示粘附加强与增加稳态压力，即使在没有活跃的细胞过程。这种仿生方法揭示了压力敏感粘附的物理起源及其在细胞-细胞连接处的强度。
英文摘要：
Cell-cell contacts in tissues are continuously subject to mechanical forces due to homeostatic pressure and active cytoskeleton dynamics. While much is known about the molecular pathways of adhesion, the role of mechanics is less well understood. To isolate the role of pressure we present a dense packing of functionalized emulsion droplets in which surface interactions are tuned to mimic those of real cells. By visualizing the microstructure in 3D we find that a threshold compression force is necessary to overcome electrostatic repulsion and surface elasticity and establish protein-mediated adhesion. Varying the droplet interaction potential maps out a phase diagram for adhesion as a function of force and salt concentration. Remarkably, fitting the data with our theoretical model predicts binder concentrations in the adhesion areas that are similar to those found in real cells. Moreover, we quantify the adhesion size dependence on the applied force and thus reveal adhesion strengthening with increasing homeostatic pressure even in the absence of active cellular processes. This biomimetic approach reveals the physical origin of pressure-sensitive adhesion and its strength across cell-cell junctions.
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