填充氦-4纳米孔的Luttinger液核
A Luttinger Liquid Core Inside Helium-4 Filled Nanopores
摘要：
当氦-4被冷却到2.17 K以下时，它会经历一个相变，变成一种全新的物质状态，称为超流体，它支持无粘性的流动。这种类型的无耗散传输可以通过迫使氦穿过普通液体无法渗透的狭窄处来观察。最近的实验已经强调了制造具有纳米半径的光滑孔的可行性，其接近真正的一维极限，其中相信玻色子系统（如氦-4）可能具有与三维截然不同的行为。一维系统被预测为具有线性流体动力学描述，称为Luttinger液体理论，其中没有类型的长程序可以持续。在孔隙半径很小的极限下，Luttinger液体理论预测通道内的氦表现为一种准超固体，所有相关性在零温度下随距离的幂律函数衰减。我们已经进行了大规模量子蒙特卡罗模拟的氦-4在不同半径的纳米孔在低温下与现实的氦-氦和氦-孔的相互作用。结果表明，纳米孔内的氦形成了围绕核心的同心圆柱壳，可以通过Luttinger液体理论进行描述，并提供了对这种有趣的低维物质状态的实验检测的令人兴奋的可能性的见解。
英文摘要：
As helium-4 is cooled below 2.17 K it undergoes a phase transition to a fundamentally new state of matter known as a superfluid which supports flow without viscosity. This type of dissipationless transport can be observed by forcing helium to travel through a narrow constriction that the normal liquid could not penetrate. Recent experiments have highlighted the feasibility of fabricating smooth pores with nanometer radii, that approach the truly one dimensional limit where it is believed that a system of bosons (like helium-4) may have startlingly different behavior than in three dimensions. The one dimensional system is predicted to have a linear hydrodynamic description known as Luttinger liquid theory, where no type of long range order can be sustained. In the limit where the pore radius is small, Luttinger liquid theory would predict that helium inside the channel behaves as a sort of quasi-supersolid with all correlations decaying as power-law functions of distance at zero temperature. We have performed large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations of helium-4 inside nanopores of varying radii at low temperature with realistic helium-helium and helium-pore interactions. The results indicate that helium inside the nanopore forms concentric cylindrical shells surrounding a core that can be described via Luttinger liquid theory and provides insights into the exciting possibility of the experimental detection of this intriguing low dimensional state of matter.
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